Publications by authors named "Tom Schumacher"

Background: Psychological factors such as personality characteristics are influential factors of the goalkeeping performance in football (soccer). Not only for individualized treatment in practice, also from a scientific point of view, profiling goalkeepers is a relevant part of understanding athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits of goalkeepers of different expertise, age, and sex.

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Introduction: This paper deals with the question on how sport performances may be influenced by internal, emotional processes, which stem from outside feedback.

Methods: In terms of methods, players' subjective performance ratings for four experimental auditory cue conditions were examined; these included both 'positive' and 'negative' stadium noise, 'no (auditory) conditions,' and a control/'baseline' condition. This resulted in a qualitative-analytic data set that was obtained succeeding each auditory cue condition using a unique football training machine (i.

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