Risk of Stroke in Women Using Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device for Contraception.

Background: The commonly used combined hormonal contraceptives with progestins and ethinylestradiol are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). Progestin-only preparations, including levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (LG-IUDs), are not associated with an increased risk, and in smaller studies, the risk is even reduced. The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has never been investigated.

Absolute risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Danish women using oral contraceptives.

Objective: Uncertainty exists for the absolute risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in users of oral contraceptives (OCs). Estimates greatly vary between countries. In Denmark, absolute risk of ischemic stroke (IS) is estimated to be 21 per 100,000 person-years.

Occult primary brain cancers manifesting in the aftermath of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.

Introduction: Symptoms of occult brain cancer may mimic stroke. Misdiagnosis may lead to improper treatment and delayed diagnosis. We characterised strokes associated with occult primary brain cancer and determined risk that ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes are associated with occult primary brain cancer.

Occult lung cancer manifesting within the first year after stroke.

Background: Lung cancer and stroke share smoking as a major cause of disease. We investigated prevalence and risk of occult lung cancer with manifestation during the first year after stroke.

Methods: All patients >40 years of age with incident stroke in Denmark 2003-2015 were identified through the Danish Stroke Registry (n=85,893) and matched 1:10 on age and sex to the Danish background population without a history of stroke (n=858,740).

Types of occult cancer in stroke and the relation to smoking.

Objectives: Stroke is associated with a higher risk of occult cancer. We studied the types of occult cancer most often associated with stroke.

Materials And Methods: All patients with incident stroke in Denmark 2003-2015 were identified through the Danish Stroke Registry (n = 85 893) and matched 1:10 on age and sex to the Danish background population without history of stroke (n = 858 740).

Social Inequality by Income in Short- and Long-Term Cause-Specific Mortality after Stroke.

Goals: It is unclear whether social inequality exists for mortality after stroke. Results of studies on the relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and mortality after stroke have been inconsistent and inconclusive.

Material And Methods: We studied the association between SEP expressed by income and the risk of death after stroke by merging data on incident stroke from Danish registries with nationwide coverage.

Risk of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in Occult and Manifest Cancers.

Background And Purpose: Manifest cancer is associated with increased risk of stroke. The risk of stroke in people with occult cancer in comparison to the risk in the background population without cancer has not been investigated. Smoking is a risk factor for both cancer and stroke, but the role of smoking for the risk of stroke in cancer has not been investigated.

Risk of Stroke in Migraineurs Using Triptans. Associations with Age, Sex, Stroke Severity and Subtype.

Background: Identifying migraineurs by triptan utilization we studied risk for stroke in migraineurs compared to the general population.

Methods: A cohort study including all citizens 25-80years of age in Denmark 2003-2011 was conducted. All persons prescribed triptans, and all those hospitalized for a first stroke were identified in the Danish Registries.

Sex Disparities in Stroke: Women Have More Severe Strokes but Better Survival Than Men.

Background: Uncertainty remains about whether stroke affects men and women similarly. We studied differences between men and women with regard to stroke severity and survival.

Methods And Results: We used the Danish Stroke Registry, with information on all hospital admissions for stroke in Denmark between 2003 and 2012 (N=79 617), and the Danish Register of Causes of Death.

The obesity paradox in stroke: lower mortality and lower risk of readmission for recurrent stroke in obese stroke patients.

Background: Although associated with excess mortality and morbidity, obesity is associated with lower mortality after stroke. The association between obesity and risk of recurrent stroke is unclear.

Aims: The study aims to investigate the association in stroke patients between body mass index and risk of death and readmission for recurrent stroke.

Socioeconomic position and survival after stroke in Denmark 2003 to 2012: nationwide hospital-based study.

Background And Purpose: The risk for stroke is higher in low-income groups. It is not clear whether these groups also have a higher risk for death after a stroke.

Methods: We studied survival in relation to income and level of education in all patients aged >40 years admitted to hospital for stroke in Denmark in 2003 to 2012.

Socioeconomic position and incidence of ischemic stroke in Denmark 2003-2012. A nationwide hospital-based study.

Background: A greater burden of stroke risk factors in general is associated with a higher risk for stroke among people of lower than those of higher socioeconomic position. The relative impact of individual stroke risk factors is still unclear.

Methods And Results: We studied the relations between socioeconomic position, measured as household income and length of education, and all hospital admissions for a first ischemic stroke among 54 048 people over the age of 40 years in Denmark in 2003-2012 in comparison with the general Danish population (23.

Body mass index and death by stroke: no obesity paradox.

Importance: Reports of an obesity paradox have led to uncertainty about secondary prevention in obese patients with stroke. The paradox is disputed and has been claimed to be an artifact due to selection bias.

Objective: To determine whether the obesity paradox in stroke is real or an artificial finding due to selection bias.

Early case-fatality rates in elderly stroke patients do not increase when age increases.

Aim: We studied the association between age and survival after stroke. We particularly focused on deaths that could be attributed to the stroke lesion itself; that is, early death in severe stroke.

Methods: A registry of all hospitalized stroke patients in Denmark included 93897 patients with information on stroke severity (Scandinavian Stroke Scale [SSS] 0-58), computed tomography, cardiovascular risk, age, sex and fatality within 1 month.

Body mass index and stroke: overweight and obesity less often associated with stroke recurrence.

Background: Although obesity is associated with excess mortality and morbidity, mortality is lower in obese than in normal weight stroke patients (the obesity paradox). Studies now indicate that obesity is not associated with increased risk of recurrent stroke in the years after first stroke. We studied the association between body mass index (BMI) and stroke patient's risk of having a history of previous stroke (recurrent stroke).

Stroke in centenarians.

Aim: Reports on centenarians with stroke have thus far been casuistic. We present clinical characteristics and 1-month mortality in 39 centenarians admitted to Danish hospitals with acute stroke within 2000-2010.

Methods: A Danish stroke registry (2000-2010) contains information about 61 935 acute stroke patients among which 39 patients were centenarians.

Costs of secondary prevention of stroke by carotid endarterectomy.

Background: We estimated the costs to the Danish National Health Service of preventing stroke due to carotid artery stenosis by carotid endarterectomy (CEA), including costs of identifying patients, Doppler ultrasound (DUS) examination and CEA.

Methods: Estimations are based on patients with stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIA) or amaurosis fugax referred for carotid DUS in the municipality of Frederiksberg, Denmark (127,184 residents), within an 18-month period in 2008-2009.

Results: In total, 372 patients with stroke (n = 194), TIA (n = 157) or amaurosis fugax (n = 21) were referred for DUS.

Cause-specific mortality after stroke: relation to age, sex, stroke severity, and risk factors in a 10-year follow-up study.

We investigated cause-specific mortality in relation to age, sex, stroke severity, and cardiovascular risk factor profile in the Copenhagen Stroke Study cohort with 10 years of follow-up. In a Copenhagen community, all patients admitted to the hospital with stroke during 1992-1993 (n = 988) were registered on admission. Evaluation included stroke severity, computed tomography scan, and a cardiovascular risk profile.

Higher Blood Glucose within the Normal Range Is Associated with More Severe Strokes.

Background. Higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations in the hyperglycemic range are associated with more severe strokes. Whether this association also extends into patients with FBG in the normoglycemic range is unclear.

Explaining poorer stroke outcomes in women: women surviving 3 months have more severe strokes than men despite a lower 3-month case fatality.

Background: Women who survive stroke are more disabled and more often institutionalized than men.

Objective: We explore this phenomenon by studying case fatality and stroke severity in stroke survivors separately for men and women.

Methods: A Danish stroke registry (2000-2007) contains information about 26,818 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, including stroke severity (Scandinavian Stroke Scale, 0 worst to 58 best), computed tomography scan, cardiovascular risk factors, and death 3 months after stroke.

Stroke and long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution from nitrogen dioxide: a cohort study.

Background And Purpose: Years of exposure to tobacco smoke substantially increase the risk for stroke. Whether long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution can lead to stroke is not yet established. We examined the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and incident and fatal stroke in a prospective cohort study.

Predictors of early and late case-fatality in a nationwide Danish study of 26,818 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Predictors of early case-fatality (3-day, 7-day, and 30-day) in first-ever ischemic stroke were identified and compared with predictors of late case-fatality (90-day and 1-year).

Methods: A registry designed to register hospitalized patients with stroke in Denmark 2000 to 2007 holds 26,818 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke with information on stroke severity (Scandinavian Stroke Scale), CT scan, cardiovascular risk factors, marital status, and fatality within 1 year. Multiple logistic regression was used in identifying predictors.