Selective and prolonged attention to emotional scenes in humans and bonobos.

Perceiving emotions in others is at the foundation of higher-order social cognition. The importance of emotions is evidenced by the fact that they receive prioritized attention at early stages of processing the environment in humans and some other primates. Nevertheless, we do not fully understand how emotion modulates attention over longer durations in primates, particularly in great apes.

No immediate attentional bias towards or choice bias for male secondary sexual characteristics in Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus).

Primate faces provide information about a range of variant and invariant traits, including some that are relevant for mate choice. For example, faces of males may convey information about their health or genetic quality through symmetry or facial masculinity. Because perceiving and processing such information may have bearing on the reproductive success of an individual, cognitive systems are expected to be sensitive to facial cues of mate quality.

Individual attractiveness preferences differentially modulate immediate and voluntary attention.

Physical attractiveness plays a crucial role in mate choice for both men and women. This is reflected in visual attention: people immediately attend towards and look longer at attractive faces, especially when they are motivated to find a partner. However, previous studies did not incorporate real-life dating decisions.

The Role of Emotion Projection, Sexual Desire, and Self-Rated Attractiveness in the Sexual Overperception Bias.

A consistent finding in the literature is that men overperceive sexual interest in women (i.e., sexual overperception bias).

Grouping behavior of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) and Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) living in forest with low fruit abundance.

In contrast to the African great apes, orangutans (Pongo spp.) are semisolitary: Individuals are often on their own, but form aggregations more often than expected by chance. These temporary aggregations provide social benefits such as mating opportunities.

Assessment of sleep in patients with fibromyalgia: qualitative development of the fibromyalgia sleep diary.

Objectives: Sleep disturbance is a common experience in fibromyalgia (FM). The field lacks a sleep specific patient reported outcome (PRO) measure developed and validated in a FM population. The study objective is to gain an in-depth understanding of sleep in FM and to develop a PRO measure of it.

Pharmacologic therapy for sleep-related breathing disorders.

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) are characterized by disruptions in normal breathing patterns, typically caused by increased upper airway resistance or diminished ventilatory drive. SRBDs are often accompanied by impairment in sleep continuity and wakefulness. The full spectrum of features associated with SRBD syndromes can be divided into three components, each of which can be a target for pharmacological intervention: the sleep-breathing event and its immediate physiological consequences; the adverse effects of these events on sleep continuity; and impairment in daytime waking function.

Sleepiness in Parkinson's disease: a controlled study.

Sudden-onset sleep episodes while driving have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and termed sleep attacks because they were reported to be irresistible and to occur without warning. We postulate that these episodes are due to excessive daytime sleepiness secondary to the high frequency of sleep disorders in PD patients and the sedative effects of dopaminergic medications. We assessed the frequency and relationship between excess daytime sleepiness and sleep episodes while driving (SE) in patients with PD.