Correction: Cold-Induced Vasodilation during Single Digit Immersion in 0°C and 8°C Water in Men and Women.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception and Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Exercise performance and capacity are impaired in hot, compared to temperate, conditions. Heat adaptation (HA) is one intervention commonly adopted to reduce this impairment because it may induce beneficial exercise performance and physiological and perceptual adaptations. A number of investigations have been conducted on HA but, due to large methodological differences, the effectiveness of different HA regimens remain unclear.

Cold-induced vasodilation during single digit immersion in 0°C and 8°C water in men and women.

The present study compared the thermal responses of the finger to 0 and 8°C water immersion, two commonly used temperatures for cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) research. On two separate and counterbalanced occasions 15 male and 15 female participants immersed their index finger in 20°C water for 5 min followed by either 0 or 8°C water for 30 min. Skin temperature, cardiovascular and perceptual data were recorded.

The validity of the SmartJump contact mat.

The aim of this study was to establish the criterion validity of the SmartJump contact mat in assessing vertical jump height (VJH) and peak power (PP). Twenty-three participants (15 men, age = 26 ± 6 years; 8 women, age = 26 ± 9 years) completed a maximal effort vertical jump using 3 different jump types (countermovement jump [CMJ], countermovement with arms [CMJA], and squat jump [SJ]). Data were simultaneously collected on both the contact mat and force platform.

Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is due to increased pathologic detection.

Background: There has been a marked increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer worldwide over recent decades. Patients with retrosternal goiter (RSG) are not picked up generally by common surveillance techniques such as ultrasound. The aim of this project was to study the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with RSG.

National Breast Cancer Audit: ductal carcinoma in situ management in Australia and New Zealand.

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a significant issue in Australia and New Zealand with rising incidence because of the implementation of mammographic screening. Current information on its natural history is unable to accurately predict progression to invasive cancer. In 2003, the National Breast Cancer Centre in Australia published recommendations for DCIS.

National breast cancer audit: overview of invasive breast cancer management.

Background: The National Breast Cancer Audit is an initiative of the Breast Section of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons collecting surgical information in early breast cancer. It is managed in conjunction with the Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures - Surgical. An overview of results for invasive breast cancer from January 1999 until December 2004 is presented to provide preliminary data for participating surgeons.

Minimal access thyroid surgery: technique and report of the first 25 cases.

Background: Minimal access thyroid surgery, using various techniques, is increasingly being reported. The present study reviews our experience with thyroid surgery using a lateral focused mini-incision approach, and assesses its safety and feasibility.

Methods: The study group comprised all patients undergoing minimal access thyroid surgery (MATS) during the period May 2002-May 2003.

Minimal access thyroid surgery: is it feasible, is it appropriate?

Background: Reports of minimal access thyroid surgery (MATS) using various techniques have recently appeared. This study examined the feasibility of MATS using either a lateral 'focused' or endoscopically assisted approach.

Methods: The study group comprised all patients undergoing minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) during the period May 1998 to April 2002 in whom a concomitant thyroid procedure was undertaken.

Thyrothymic thyroid rests: incidence and relationship to the thyroid gland.

Background: Rests of thyroid tissue within the thyrothymic area are relatively common and might be of clinical importance. The purpose of this study is to define the incidence and anatomy of thyroid tissue located in the line of the thyrothymic ligament, referred to here as "rests."

Study Design: Prospective descriptive intraoperative evaluation of 100 consecutive thyroid or parathyroid procedures was undertaken to identify the incidence and anatomical location of thyrothymic thyroid rests.

Worldwide trends in the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism in the era of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.

Hypothesis: Minimally invasive surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism has become an accepted part of endocrine surgical practice worldwide.

Design: Survey of members of the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons.

Setting: Clinical practice of endocrine surgeons worldwide.

Increase in presentations and procedure rates for hyperparathyroidism in Northern Sydney and New South Wales.

Objective: To examine changes in presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism and rates of parathyroidectomy in Northern Sydney (the Northern Sydney Area Heath Service) and New South Wales (NSW).

Design: Retrospective case series January 1962 - December 2001 and audit of the NSW Department of Health inpatient database (1993-1999).

Setting: University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using the 'focused' lateral approach. II. Surgical technique.

Background: This paper describes the technique of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. The technique is based on a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the fascial planes in neck, the surgical pathology and embryology of parathyroid glands and precise anatomical interpretation of preoperative localization studies.

Methods: Tissue trauma is minimized by using a 2.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using the 'focused' lateral approach. I. Results of the first 100 consecutive cases.

Background: A feasibility study of 'focused' minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) using a lateral approach was commenced in 1999. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this procedure in the first 100 consecutive patients.

Methods: This was a prospective, non-randomized case-control study.

Total thyroidectomy is now the preferred option for the surgical management of Graves' disease.

Purpose: Subtotal thyroidectomy has been advocated as the standard treatment for Graves' disease because of the possibility of avoiding thyroxine therapy as well as the assumed lower risk of complications compared to total thyroidectomy. However, the long-term results of subtotal thyroidectomy are not as good as they were previously believed to be, as evidenced by the increasing incidence of hypothyroidism. If the risk of complications from total thyroidectomy is no higher,then that procedure offers significant advantages in the surgical management of Graves' disease.