Study protocol for a national observational cohort investigating frailty, delirium and multimorbidity in older surgical patients: the third Sprint National Anaesthesia Project (SNAP 3).

Introduction: Older surgical patients are more likely to be living with frailty and multimorbidity and experience postoperative complications. The management of these conditions in the perioperative pathway is evolving. In order to support objective decision-making for patients, services and national guidance, accurate, contemporary data are needed to describe the impact and associations between frailty, multimorbidity and healthcare processes with patient and service-level outcomes.

Distance travelled to hospital for emergency laparotomy and the effect of travel time on mortality: cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate whether distance and estimated travel time to hospital for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy is associated with postoperative mortality.

Design: National cohort study using data from the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit.

Setting: 171 National Health Service hospitals in England and Wales.

Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock: 2007 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine.

Background: The Institute of Medicine calls for the use of clinical guidelines and practice parameters to promote "best practices" and to improve patient outcomes.

Objective: 2007 update of the 2002 American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock.

Participants: Society of Critical Care Medicine members with special interest in neonatal and pediatric septic shock were identified from general solicitation at the Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2001-2006).