Expanding the use of topical anesthesia in wound management: sequential layered application of topical lidocaine with epinephrine.

Unlabelled: Topical anesthesia eliminates the need for injection of anesthetic. Most studies on the use of topical anesthesia were done on children, using 3 active ingredients (lidocaine, epinephrine, tetracaine, or tetracaine, adrenaline, cocaine) for relatively small wounds of the face and scalp.

Objectives: To demonstrate that topical anesthesia is effective and safe in adults of all ages and for larger wounds, using a preparation with 2 active ingredients, topical lidocaine and epinephrine (TLE).

New needle cricothyroidotomy setup.

We propose a simple and flexible connection setup for needle cricothyroidotomy. Needle cricothyroidotomy is a life-saving procedure. It is technically easy to perform, but it cannot provide adequate ventilation for a long period of time.