Motor activity in gamma and high gamma bands recorded with a Stentrode from the human motor cortex in two people with ALS.

This study examined the strength and stability of motor signals in low gamma and high gamma bands of vascular electrocorticograms (VECoG) recorded with endovascular stent-electrode arrays (Stentrodes) implanted in the superior sagittal sinus of two participants with severe paralysis due to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Methods: VECoG signals were recorded from two participants in the COMMAND trial, an Early Feasibility Study of the Stentrode brain-computer interface (BCI) (NCT05035823). The participants performed attempted movements of their ankles or hands.

An fMRI study of prefrontal brain activation during multiple tasks in patients with major depressive disorder.

Objective: Previous research has provided conflicting information regarding the pattern of brain activation associated with cognitive performance in depressed people. We aimed to assess brain activation related to cognitive performance during planning and working memory tasks.

Method: fMRI scans were conducted using a modified Tower of London task and a 2-back task in 13 patients with major depressive disorder and a matched control group.

An analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity in depression.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is currently undergoing active investigation for use in the treatment of major depression. Recent research has indicated that current methods used to localize the site of stimulation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are significantly inaccurate. However, little information is available on which to base a choice of stimulation site.

A study of the effects of lorazepam and dextromethorphan on the response to cortical 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

We studied the effects of lorazepam and dextromethorphan on the responses to 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left human motor cortex. Lorazepam, dextromethorphan or placebo was administered to 45 normal controls in a double-blind fashion 2.5 h before the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedure.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals abnormal plastic response to premotor cortex stimulation in schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia may be characterized by abnormal plastic modulation in cortical neuronal circuits. Activation of premotor cortex using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) produces suppression of cortical excitability in primary motor cortex. We hypothesized that premotor rTMS would cause less suppression of motor cortical excitability in patients with schizophrenia than in control subjects.

Reduced plastic brain responses in schizophrenia: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

Background: Abnormalities in brain plasticity, possibly related to abnormal cortical inhibition (CI), have been proposed to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a dynamic method for non-invasive study of plastic processes in the human brain. We aimed to determine whether patients with schizophrenia would exhibit an abnormal response to repetitive TMS (rTMS) applied to the motor cortex and whether this would relate to deficient cortical inhibition.

A transcranial magnetic stimulation study of abnormal cortical inhibition in schizophrenia.

Previous research suggests that patients with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits in a range of parameters of motor cortical and cognitive inhibition. I-wave facilitation and long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI) are two paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigms that appear to assess aspects of cortical inhibitory function that have not previously been assessed in this patient group. Eighteen patients with schizophrenia (nine medication-free) were compared with eight control subjects.