Bilateral non-traumatic elbow luxation in a Yorkshire terrier puppy.

A 10-week-old Yorkshire terrier had lameness of the right forelimb with complete lateral radioulnar luxation at the humerus, consistent with Type III congenital elbow luxation; this is rarely treated in the presence of multiple skeletal deformities. Lateral subluxation of the radial head at the left elbow was diagnosed as Type I congenital elbow luxation. Procurvatum, distal valgus, and external torsion were present in both antebrachiae.

Postoperative outcomes of combined surgery comprising dorsal laminectomy, transarticular screws, pedicle screws and polymethylmethacrylate for dorsal fixation in 21 dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis.

Objective: To retrospectively review the efficacy of combined surgery comprising dorsal laminectomy and dorsal fixation using screws and polymethylmethacrylate as treatment for dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS).

Animals: 21 client owned dogs diagnosed with DLSS and treated surgically.

Procedures: Based on clinical records, signalments, clinical signs, findings from orthopedic and neurological examinations, imaging findings, and postoperative complications were evaluated at the following time points: preoperatively, postoperatively, and 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery.

Force plate analysis of ground reaction forces in relation to gait velocity of healthy Beagles.

Objective: To evaluate changes in ground reaction forces (GRFs) in relation to gait velocity using 2 force plates (FPs) for healthy Beagles.

Animals: 18 healthy Beagles were included (body weight, 10.45 ± 1.

Prophylactic Efficacy of Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy for a Canine Model with Experimentally Induced Degeneration of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to clarify the histological effects of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on cranial cruciate ligament degeneration induced by excessive tibial plateau angle.

Study Design:  Five female Beagles were used to bilaterally create excessive tibial plateau angle models surgically. A second tibial plateau levelling osteotomy was performed 11 months after the first surgery on the right stifle (tibial plateau levelling osteotomy group), and a sham operation that did not change the tibial plateau angle was performed on the left stifle (excessive tibial plateau angle group).

Investigation of the effects of excessive tibial plateau angle and changes in load on ligament tensile forces in the stifle joints of dogs.

Objective: To investigate the effect of an excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) and change in compressive load on tensile forces experienced by the cranial cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments (CCL, MCL, and LCL, respectively) of canine stifle joints.

Sample: 16 cadaveric stifle joints from 16 orthopedically normal Beagles.

Procedures: Stifle joints were categorized into unchanged (mean TPA, 30.

Long-term outcome and progression of osteoarthritis in uncomplicated cases of cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated by tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.

The object of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcome of hind limb weight-bearing function and progression of stifle osteoarthritis (OA) after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Groups were classified by the degree of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) damage and presence or absence of medial meniscus damage as macroscopically evaluated during surgery. Weight-bearing function was assessed via the peak vertical force (PVF), and OA progression was assessed via the radiographic OA score (OAS) preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postoperatively.

Biomechanical Effects of Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy on Joint Instability in Normal Canine Stifles: An In Vitro Study.

Objective:  The aim of the study was to determine the changes in biomechanical characteristics following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) using simulated manual tests.

Study Design:  Twenty-one stifles from healthy Beagle dogs that had undergone TPLO or had not (control) were first tested in the intact form, and then the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) was transected in each to provide four test situations: control-intact, control-CrCL-transected, TPLO-intact and TPLO-CrCL-transected. The stifles were then analysed using a robotic joint biomechanical testing system.

Effects of intervertebral distraction screw fixation of the lumbosacral joint on the adjacent lumbar segments in Beagles.

Objective: To investigate the effects of intervertebral distraction screw (IDS) fixation of the lumbosacral joint (LSJ) on the intervertebral foraminal area (IFA) and intervertebral stabilization of the LSJ and adjacent lumbar segments in dogs.

Animals: 7 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Dorsal laminectomy was performed at the LSJ in each dog to expose the intervertebral disk.

Analysis of passive tibio-femoral joint movement of Beagle dogs during flexion in cadaveric hind limbs without muscle.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal range of motion of the canine tibiofemoral joint and the movement of the tibia relative to the femur, especially the internal/external rotation under flexion. Right stifle joints were harvested from eight skeletally mature Beagle dogs, which were euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. All muscle tissue was removed from the limbs prior to testing.

Effect of the Centre of Rotation in Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy on Quadriceps Tensile Force: An Ex Vivo Study in Canine Cadavers.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the centre of rotation in tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) on the tensile force of the quadriceps.

Materials And Methods:  Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy was performed on the left pelvic limbs from 20 normal adult Beagle cadavers. To replicate the tensile force of the quadriceps, gastrocnemius and stifle flexor muscles, these muscles were replaced with wires.

Degenerative changes of the cranial cruciate ligament harvested from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Degenerative cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is characterized histologically by degenerating extracellular matrix (ECM) and chondroid metaplasia. Here, we describe the progression of chondroid metaplasia and the changes in the expression of ECM components in canine CCL rupture (CCLR). CCLs from 26 stifle joints with CCLR (CCLR group) and normal CCLs from 12 young beagles (control group) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for expression of type I (COLI), type II (COLII), type III collagen (COLIII) and Sry-type HMG box 9 (SOX9).