Intracameral phenylephrine for surgical mydriasis and intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome: systemic adverse effects and optimal dose.

Phenylephrine, a potent sympathomimetic, induces mydriasis via iris dilator muscle contraction. Intracameral (IC) phenylephrine has been successfully used in cataract surgery for initial mydriasis, maintaining mydriasis, and management of intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome. Serious systemic adverse events (mainly cardiovascular) have been described with topical phenylephrine drops, but we found very little evidence of such adverse events associated with IC phenylephrine use.

Anaesthetic considerations for the surgical management of ocular hypotony in adults.

Ocular hypotony can occur from many causes, including eye trauma, ophthalmic surgery and ophthalmic regional anaesthesia-related complications. Some of these patients require surgical intervention(s) necessitating repeat anaesthesia. While surgical management of these patients is well described in the literature, the anaesthetic management is seldom discussed.

Topical prostaglandin analogue use and cystoid macular oedema following uneventful cataract surgery: a randomised control trial.

Background/aims: The association between the development of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) following uneventful cataract surgery and prostaglandin analogue (PGA) therapy has not been fully determined. The study aim was to investigate whether discontinuation of PGA therapy following uneventful cataract surgery affected the incidence of postoperative CMO.

Methods: A prospective randomised controlled trial of 62 eyes of 62 participants with ocular hypertension (OH) or primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with PGAs prior to cataract surgery.

Sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for modern eye surgery-clinicians' perspective, 30 years after re-introduction.

Sub-Tenon's block (STB) is a good technique of local anaesthesia for many types of eye surgery. It has a relatively good risk profile, in that sight- and life-threatening complications appear to be extremely rare. STB has gained popularity in the last three decades, with refinements including different types of blunt metal cannula, plastic cannulae and 'incisionless' approaches.

Face-to-face upright seated positioning for cataract surgery in patients unable to lie flat: Case series of 240 consecutive phacoemulsifications.

Purpose: To present a case series of patients who were unable to lie flat for cataract surgery.

Setting: University teaching hospital, district hospital, and private practice, Norwich, United Kingdom.

Design: Prospective case series.

Preoperative Preparation and Anesthesia for Trabeculectomy.

Preoperative preparation should improve the likelihood of successful trabeculectomy surgery. The team can reconsider the appropriateness of the proposed surgery, and steps can be taken to maximize the chance of a good outcome. For example, adjustments to anti-hypertensive or anti-coagulant medications may be made, and topical ocular medications adjusted.

Severe adverse events associated with local anaesthesia in cataract surgery: 1 year national survey of practice and complications in the UK.

Background: Recent years have seen a major change in practice of local anaesthesia (LA) for cataract surgery.

Aims: (1) To estimate current usage of LA techniques for cataract surgery, (2) to estimate the incidence of severe adverse events associated with each LA technique, (3) to compare with our previous 2003 study.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of routine practice.

Extreme face-to-face positioning for cataract surgery with patient seated upright in motorized wheelchair.

We present a case of extreme positioning for cataract surgery. The 68-year-old man was unable to lie flat and found it difficult to transfer from his motorized wheelchair. He had poor mobility due to a stroke, slept upright because of orthopnea, and his neck extension was poor.

Posterior capsule rupture rate with akinetic and kinetic block anesthetic techniques.

A systematic literature search was performed to identify prospective randomized studies comparing akinetic (sub-Tenon, peribulbar, or retrobulbar) and kinetic (topical or topical and intracameral) local anesthesia for phacoemulsification surgery. Only studies that stated the rate of posterior capsule rupture or that stated without qualification that there were no intraoperative complications were included. Of the initial 3182 articles, 15 papers met the inclusion criteria.

Face-to-face upright seated positioning for cataract surgery in patients who cannot lie flat.

We describe a technique for cataract surgery in patients unable to adopt the conventional face-to-ceiling position. A standard reclining operating chair and operating microscope are used. Patients are seated instead of lying down, with the chair back elevated 30 to 80 degrees above the horizontal and the operating microscope rotated 45 to 60 degrees to vertical.