No TAP63 promoter mutation is detected in bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex patients.

Background/purpose: Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) is thought to have a genetic component in its pathogenesis. Previously we found that p63(-/-) mice show increased ventral apoptosis and develop a BEEC phenotype. Down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic ΔNP63 and an up-regulation of pro-apoptotic TAP63 isoforms have been demonstrated in BEEC patient bladder tissues.

New insights into the pathogenesis of bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.

Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) is a complex and debilitating congenital disease. Familial and twin studies suggest a possible genetic component in BEEC pathogenesis. Bladder mesenchyme (detrusor) development requires induction by a signal from bladder urothelium, and we and others have shown the Shh-Gli-Bmp4 signalling pathway is likely to be involved.

Effects of a structured weight-bearing exercise program on bone metabolism among breast cancer survivors: a feasibility trial.

Purpose: Treatments for breast cancer, specifically hormonal therapy, accelerate bone loss (BL) among breast cancer survivors, leading to osteoporosis and an increase in fracture risk. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a moderate form of weight-bearing exercise, equivalent to walking, and it has been shown to improve aerobic capacity and strength among breast cancer survivors and might also be effective in slowing bone loss in breast cancer survivors. This pilot study compared the influence of TCC with that of standard support therapy (ST; exercise control) on BL biomarkers among breast cancer survivors.

The effect of secondhand smoke exposure on the association between active cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer.

Background: Studies published prior to 1980 failed to find an association between smoking and colorectal cancer, while subsequent studies reported an association after accounting for a three to four decade initiation period. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of accounting for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on the association between smoking and colorectal cancer and to determine the association between SHS and colorectal cancer.

Methods: Approximately 1,200 colorectal cancer cases treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1982 and 1998 were matched to 2,400 malignancy-free controls.

A 4-week home-based aerobic and resistance exercise program during radiation therapy: a pilot randomized clinical trial.

During radiation therapy, cancer patients may report cancer-related fatigue (CRF), which impairs aerobic capacity, strength, muscle mass, and, ultimately, quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this pilot clinical trial was to examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a home-based aerobic and progressive resistance exercise intervention for aerobic capacity, strength, muscle mass, CRF, and QOL. Daily steps walked (DSW), daily minutes of resistance exercise (MRE), and number of resistance exercise days (RED) were assessed to evaluate intervention adherence.

Exercise and Cancer-related Fatigue.

Cancer-related fatigue is the most common side effect reported by cancer patients during and after treatment. Cancer-related fatigue significantly interferes with a patient's ability to perform activities of daily living and maintain functional independence and quality of life. Cancer-related fatigue can also interfere with a patient's ability to complete treatments.

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting.

Despite treatment advances, nausea and vomiting, especially anticipatory nausea and vomiting, delayed nausea and vomiting and nausea alone, are still the most common, expected and feared side effects among patients receiving chemotherapy. Of the 70 to 80% of cancer patients who experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting many will delay or refuse future chemotherapy treatments and contemplate stopping all treatments because of fear of further nausea and vomiting. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the patho-psychophysiology of CINV, the recommended guidelines for standard treatment, and highlight newer targeted treatment approaches.