Robot-assisted pyeloplasty: How to deal with anatomic variants? A step-by-step video presentation.

Introduction: Pyeloplasty (open or Robot-assisted) is the gold standard of a symptomatic UPJ stenosis. Sometimes anatomic variants make the procedure challenging. This video describes a step-by-step approach in three settings: a crossing blood vessel and two different presentations of incomplete duplicated system.

Multicentre, prospective study on local treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (LoMP study).

Objectives: To investigate the role of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy in addition to standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: This multicentre, prospective study included asymptomatic patients from 2014 to 2018 (NCT02138721). Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy was offered to all fit patients with resectable tumours, resulting in 40 patients.

Pediatric Challenges in Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is universally recognized as the gold standard treatment in patients with End-stage Kidney Disease (ESKD, or according to the latest nomenclature, CKD stage 5). Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) is gradually becoming preferred technique in adults, even if applied in very few centra, with potentially improved clinical outcomes compared with open kidney transplantation. To date, only very few RAKT procedures in children have been described.

Discovery and validation of a serum microRNA signature to characterize oligo- and polymetastatic prostate cancer: not ready for prime time.

Purpose: Patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer (PC) may benefit from metastasis-directed therapy (MDT), delaying disease progression and the start of palliative systemic treatment. However, a significant proportion of oligometastatic PC patients progress to polymetastatic PC within a year following MDT, suggesting an underestimation of the metastatic load by current staging modalities. Molecular markers could help to identify true oligometastatic patients eligible for MDT.

Genitoplasty in newborn females with adrenogenital syndrome: Focus on the reconstruction technique and its outcomes.

The adrenogenital syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder in which an enzyme defect in the steroid pathway leads to excessive prenatal exposure of androgens. In the female fetus, masculinization of the external genitalia is observed. Surgery aims for functional and aesthetical reconstruction.

Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Circulating Androgen Receptor Gene Copy Number in Prostate Cancer Patients Using Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Background: Resistance mechanisms in the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway remain key drivers in the progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and relapse under antihormonal therapy.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated the circulating AR gene copy number (CN) gain using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in 21 control and 91 prostate cancer serum samples and its prognostic and therapeutic implications in prostate cancer.

Results: In CRPC, AR CN gain was associated with faster progression to CRPC (P = .

Surveillance or Metastasis-Directed Therapy for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer Recurrence: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Trial.

Purpose Retrospective studies suggest that metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) for oligorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) improves progression-free survival. We aimed to assess the benefit of MDT in a randomized phase II trial. Patients and Methods In this multicenter, randomized, phase II study, patients with asymptomatic PCa were eligible if they had had a biochemical recurrence after primary PCa treatment with curative intent, three or fewer extracranial metastatic lesions on choline positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and serum testosterone levels > 50 ng/mL.

Prevalence and prognosis of low-volume, oligorecurrent, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer amenable to lesion ablative therapy.

Objectives: To describe the anatomical patterns of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence after primary therapy and to investigate if patients with low-volume disease have a better prognosis as compared with their counterparts.

Materials And Methods: Patients eligible for an 18-F choline positron-emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Eligible patients had asymptomatic biochemical recurrence after primary PCa treatment and testosterone levels >50 ng/mL.

The independent oncological role for cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Prognostic features in the era of targeted therapies.

Objectives: To describe the effects of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) on the natural course of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). CN appears to stabilize metastatic lesions in mRCC in a subgroup of patients and we hypothesize that systemic treatment might be deferred in these patients with stable disease after CN.

Subjects And Methods: Overall, 45 patients with mRCC who underwent CN and subsequent oncologic follow-up were included in this retrospective, single-center analysis.

Whole pelvis radiotherapy for pathological node-positive prostate cancer : Oncological outcome and prognostic factors.

Purpose: The goal of this work was to investigate the oncological outcome of whole pelvis radiotherapy (wpRT) in pathologic pelvic lymph node-positive (pN1) prostate cancer (PCa), evaluate the location of relapse, and identify potential prognostic factors.

Patients And Methods: All patients undergoing pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) since the year 2000 at a single tertiary care center were evaluated. A total of 154 patients with pN1 PCa were treated with wpRT (39 in an adjuvant setting) and 2-3 years of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Androgen Receptor Gene Copy Number and Protein Expression in Treatment-Naïve Prostate Cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the androgen receptor (AR) gene copy number in androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treatment-naïve prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to evaluate the corresponding AR protein expression and assess the association between these features and prognostic factors.

Materials And Methods: Chromosome X and AR gene copy number, using fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization, and epithelial-stromal AR expression, using AR immunohistochemistry, were analyzed in 62 ADT treatment-naïve PCa patients and 8 castration-refractory patients.

Results: In ADT treatment-naïve PCa patients, the AR expression was higher in tumor epithelial cells versus surrounding stromal cells (p < 0.

Comparison of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) Version 1 and 2 in a Cohort of 245 Patients with Histopathological Reference and Long-Term Follow-Up.

Objective: To compare the performance of PI-RADSv2 with PI-RADSv1 in patients with elevated PSA before biopsy.

Methods: 245 patients with elevated PSA underwent mpMRI before biopsy between May 2011 and December 2014 at 3.0 Tesla without endorectal coil.

Isolated Male Epispadias: Anatomic Functional Restoration Is the Primary Goal.

. Isolated male epispadias (IME) is a rare congenital penile malformation, as often part of bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC). In its isolated presentation, it consists in a defect of the dorsal aspect of the penis, leaving the urethral plate open.

Urodynamic studies in children: Standardized transurethral video-urodynamic evaluation.

Objective: The aim was too demonstrate standardized video-urodynamic study (VUDS) in children using a transurethral catheter and pressure transducers.

Methods: Data necessary to obtain urodynamic evaluation of bladder sphincter function were gathered by concomitant measurement of bladder, urethral, and abdominal pressure. A 7F transurethral triple-lumen water-filled catheter was used for measuring the bladder and sphincter pressures and a water-filled 8F catheter connected to a pressure transducer was inserted into the rectum for pressure measurement.

Salvage pelvic lymph node dissection in recurrent prostate cancer: surgical and early oncological outcome.

Methodology: Seventeen patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) rise following local treatment for prostate cancer with curative intent underwent open or minimally invasive salvage pelvic lymph node dissection (SLND) for oligometastatic disease (<4 synchronous metastases) or as staging prior to salvage radiotherapy. Biochemical recurrence after complete biochemical response (cBR) was defined as 2 consecutive PSA increases >0,2 ng/mL; and after incomplete biochemical response as 2 consecutive PSA rises. Newly found metastasis on imaging defined clinical progression (CP).

Repeated stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer recurrence.

Purpose: To assess the outcome of prostate cancer (PCa) patients diagnosed with oligometastatic disease at recurrence and treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Methods: Non-castrate patients with up to 3 synchronous metastases (bone and/or lymph nodes) diagnosed on positron emission tomography - computed tomography, following biochemical recurrence after local curative treatment, were treated with (repeated) SBRT to a dose of 50 Gy in 10 fractions or 30 Gy in 3 fractions. Androgen deprivation therapy-free survival (ADT-FS) defined as the time interval between the first day of SBRT and the initiation of ADT was the primary endpoint.

Age-related differences in metabolites in the posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus of normal ageing brain: a 1H-MRS study.

Objective: To study age-related metabolic changes in N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), choline (Cho) and myo-inositol (Ins).

Materials And Methods: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was performed in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the left hippocampus (HC) of 90 healthy subjects (42 women and 48 men aged 18-76 years, mean±SD, 48.4±16.