Mycobacterial β-carbonic anhydrases: Molecular biology, role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and inhibition studies.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes tuberculosis (TB), is still a major global health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), TB still causes more deaths worldwide than any other infectious agent. Drug-sensitive TB is treatable using first-line drugs; treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB requires second- and third-line drugs.

The effect of early childhood non-nutritive sucking behavior including pacifiers on malocclusion: a randomized controlled trial.

Background/rationale: Systematic reviews on the effects of pacifiers on occlusion have highlighted the need for quality RCTs.

Trial Design: Single region, three parallel-armed, prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To investigate the correlations between early childhood non-nutritive sucking habits and malocclusion.

Effects of headgear timing on dental arch changes from 7 to 18 years of age: a follow-up study.

Background: Dental arch effects after cervical headgear (CHG) treatment have been researched from several different perspectives. However, the long-term effects of CHG timing are still unknown.

Objectives: To analyse the long-term effects of CHG timing on dental arches.

Associations between pain-related temporomandibular disorders and dental anxiety at 46 years of age in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Objectives: The aims were (1) to study the association between dental anxiety (DA) and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and whether subgroups formed differ in psychological symptoms and pain sensitivity in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and (2) to confirm the factor structure of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 assessing psychological symptoms.

Materials And Methods: Data were acquired using questionnaires and clinical examinations at age 46 years ( = 1889). Dental anxiety was assessed with Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS).

The relation of temporomandibular disorders with oral health-related quality of life in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in an adult population.

Methods: The data included 1,768 adults 46 years of age in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) study. The symptoms, signs and diagnoses of TMD were assessed using a modified protocol of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and validated questionnaires.

Cloning, characterization, and inhibition of the novel β-carbonic anhydrase from parasitic blood fluke, .

is an intestinal parasite with one β-class carbonic anhydrase, SmaBCA. We report the sequence enhancing, production, catalytic activity, and inhibition results of the recombinant SmaBCA. It showed significant catalytic activity on CO hydration with 1.

Influence of Farm Environment on Asthma during the Life Course: A Population-Based Birth Cohort Study in Northern Finland.

We investigated the influence of a farming environment on asthma at three time points from birth to 46 years using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 10,926). The prevalence of asthma was investigated by postal questionnaires at 14, 31 and 46 years of age. Exposure to a farming environment was assessed by a postal questionnaire at birth and at 31 and 46 years of age.

The associations of dental aesthetics, oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction with aesthetics in an adult population.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the gender-specific associations between dental aesthetics, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and satisfaction with dental aesthetics in an adult population.

Materials And Methods: The study population consisted of 1780 individuals (822 males and 958 females) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966). Dental aesthetics were evaluated from digital 3D dental models using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).

Concurrent changes in dental anxiety and smoking in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.

We evaluated associations between changes in dental anxiety and tobacco use, adjusted for general anxiety and depressive symptoms. The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study data, collected at gestational weeks 14 and 34 and at 3 months postpartum, were used. Questionnaires included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL).

Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VI from Human Milk and Saliva.

Carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.

Cloning, purification, kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a recombinant β-carbonic anhydrase from the Atlantic salmon parasite platyhelminth .

A β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.

The relationship of life-course patterns of adiposity with type 2 diabetes, depression, and their comorbidity in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and comorbid depression challenges clinical management particularly in individuals with overweight. We aim to explore the shared etiology, via lifecourse adiposity, between T2D and depression.

Methods: We used data from birth until 46years from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 6,372; 53.

Parent's self-reported tooth brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste: Associations with their one-year-old child's preventive oral health behaviour.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine if the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste of the mother and father were associated with the tooth brushing frequency and use of fluoridated toothpaste for their 1-year-old child.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is part of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Questionnaire data were obtained from 1672 mothers and 867 fathers on tooth brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste, age, education, number of siblings and parity (when the child was 1-year-old).

Carbonic anhydrases in metazoan model organisms: molecules, mechanisms, and physiology.

During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs). These proteins belong to eight CA families and are identified by Greek letters: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι.

Prevalence of sagittal molar and canine relationships, asymmetries and midline shift in relation to temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a Finnish adult population.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of sagittal relationships, asymmetries and midline shift, and their associations with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966).

Materials And Methods: 1845 subjects participated in a clinical examination at the age of 46. Occlusal measurements were performed using 3D models.

Importance of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale as a Biopsychosocial Screening Instrument in TMD Pain Patient Subtyping.

Aims: To compare the suitability of Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) pain intensity and interference assessments (GCPS version 1.0 vs 2.0) for the biopsychosocial screening and subtyping of Finnish tertiary care referral patients with TMD pain.

Malocclusion severity and its associations with oral health-related quality of life in an adult population.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate malocclusion severity and its associations with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among middle-aged adults.

Materials And Methods: The study material consisted of 1786 subjects from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who attended dental and oral examination as part of the 46-year-old follow-up study. Malocclusion severity was assessed using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Peer Assessment Rating index (PAR) from digital 3D dental models.

Comparison of Axis II psychosocial assessment methods of RDC/TMD and DC/TMD as part of DC/TMD-FIN phase II validation studies in tertiary care Finnish TMD pain patients.

Background: The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) include Axis II instruments for psychosocial assessment.

Objectives: The aims were to compare the Finnish versions of Axis II psychosocial assessment methods of the RDC/TMD and DC/TMD and to study their internal reliability.

Methods: The sample comprised 197 tertiary care referral TMD pain patients.

BMI in childhood and adolescence is associated with impaired reproductive function-a population-based cohort study from birth to age 50 years.

Study Question: What is the association between childhood and adolescent BMI and reproductive capacity in women?

Summary Answer: Adolescent girls with obesity had an increased risk of infertility and childlessness in adulthood independently of their marital status or the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

What Is Known Already: Girls with obesity (BMI (kg/m2)>95th percentile) more often exhibit menstrual irregularities and infertility problems as compared to those with normal weight, and premenarcheal girls with obesity have an increased risk of childlessness and infertility in adulthood. Follow-up studies on the relation between childhood and adolescence growth patterns and fertility or parity throughout the reproductive life span are limited.

Is the oral health-related quality of life associated with quality of life among pregnant Finnish families: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The objectives of this study was to find out if oral health-related quality of life and its dimensions (OHRQoL) are associated with overall quality of life (QoL) among mothers and fathers during pregnancy and whether these two constructs were associated within the family sharing the same living environment.

Material And Methods: The data (mothers  = 2580, fathers  = 1467) for this cross-sectional data study were collected from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study during 2011-2015. OHRQoL was measured using a 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire and QoL by using the WHOQoL-Bref questionnaire.

Neural Network and Random Forest Models in Protein Function Prediction.

Over the past decade, the demand for automated protein function prediction has increased due to the volume of newly sequenced proteins. In this paper, we address the function prediction task by developing an ensemble system automatically assigning Gene Ontology (GO) terms to the given input protein sequence. We develop an ensemble system which combines the GO predictions made by random forest (RF) and neural network (NN) classifiers.

The reproduction of gender differences in early career choices and professional identity of young dentist in Finland.

Introduction: For over the last 20 years, approximately 70% of working dentists in Finland have been women. However, there is internal division of the profession along gender lines. Female dentists work more often in the public sector and male dentists in the private sector.

Changes and determinants of unmet oral health treatment need.

Objectives: Our aim was to describe the nature and determinants of the changes in unmet treatment need between the years 2000 and 2011 after a major oral healthcare reform and a wider supply of subsidized care.

Methods: The study used a longitudinal sample (n = 3838) of adults who had participated in both the Health 2000 and 2011 surveys (BRIF 8901). Those reporting self-assessed treatment need without having visited a dentist in the previous 12 months were categorized as having unmet treatment need.

Concurrent heavy use of general and oral health services among Finnish adults.

Objective: The aim was to identify heavy users of public health (PHS) and public oral health (POHS) services and combined and concurrent users of these services.

Material And Methods: Numbers of 18+ year-old patients and their visits to POHS (12,124 patients) and PHS (28,479 patients) were collected from two patient registers in a Finnish town in 2013. The combined dataset consists of 32,481 patients.

Changes in dental fear and its relations to anxiety and depression in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.

This study aimed to: (i) evaluate short-term changes in dental fear during a 9-month period among women and men, and (ii) evaluate whether the course and magnitude of changes in dental fear were associated with changes in depression and anxiety. The longitudinal data of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study were used. Out of 3808 women and 2623 men, 1984 women and 1082 men filled in the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) at gestational weeks 14 and 34, and 3 months after childbirth.