Bilateral Basal Ganglia Calcifications Manifesting as Psychosis With Manic Features: A Case Report on Fahr's Syndrome.

Fahr's syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symmetric bilateral calcifications in the basal ganglia. While this is largely a hereditary disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, a small percentage is sporadic in nature with no metabolic or other underlying causes identified. Fahr's syndrome has both neurological and psychiatric manifestations that include movement abnormalities, seizures, psychosis, and depression.

Sociodemographic Attributes and Prevalence of Arrest With Possession of Substances in Incarcerated Population in the United States.

Background and objectives In recent years, there has been an increase in the US imprisonment rate. A substantial percentage of those incarcerations are for drug-related offenses. The authors investigated the relationship between the pattern of substance use and drug-related offenses across a broad spectrum of various sociodemographic attributes of the incarcerated population in the United States.

Comorbid Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders: Prior Treatment/Admission as a Predictor of Criminal Arrest Among American Youths.

Background: There is a dearth of literature with regards to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment outcomes and criminal arrest relationships.

Aim: We aimed to examine the association between criminal arrest within a month prior to SUD treatment admissions among 12- to 24-year-old Americans and the role of recurrent or prior SUD treatment.

Methods: The 2017 United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A; N = 333,322) was used for this analysis.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in a Patient with Opioid Use Disorder.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a characteristic clinical radiographic syndrome with diffuse structural alteration of cerebral white matter secondary to myelin damage with diverse and multifactorial etiologies. It can present with acutely altered mentation, somnolence or occasionally stupor, vision impairment, seizures, and sudden or chronic headaches that are not focal. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but mechanisms involving endothelial injury and dysregulation of cerebral autoregulation have been purported.

Clozapine Response for Vocal Tics in Schizophrenic Patients: A Case Report With Literature Review.

Antipsychotics have been documented in the literature as the most effective pharmacological treatment for tics thus far. Additionally, evidence in the literature has shown that typical and atypical antipsychotics are effective for the treatment of tic disorders in patients who are diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses. This evidence is typified as atypical antipsychotic medications, such as risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine, have been documented as being effective for motor tics, particularly in Tourette's syndrome.

Catatonia Presentation as a Rare Alcohol Withdrawal Symptom in a Patient With No Past Psychiatry History: A Case Report.

A complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) includes epileptic seizures and/or delirium tremens (DT). However, there is still a dearth of literature for catatonia as a consequence of AWS especially in terms of clinical reports. Secondly, the few noted reported cases in the literature were mainly of non-American populations.

Levetiracetam Induced Behavioral Abnormalities in a Patient with Seizure Disorder: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Levetiracetam is a second-generation antiepileptic drug that is chemically unrelated to other antiepileptic drugs. Levetiracetam is a broad-spectrum antiseizure medication that is approved as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in children and adults with epilepsy. The mechanism by which Levetiracetam induces behavioral changes remains unknown.

Cannabis Use in Inpatients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders at a Community Hospital.

Background: Cannabis is the second most used recreational drug in the United States and one of the most used substances in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Unfortunately, the increased use is likely to continue as more states legalize recreational use of cannabis. Although the association between cannabis and schizophrenia has been studied extensively, the understanding of the relationship is still evolving.

Two Cases of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder Diagnosed in the Acute Inpatient Unit.

Pathological grief has been noted to have considerable adverse effects on affected individuals. In the DSM-5, the diagnosis of complicated grief is included under conditions for further study as Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD). PCBD can be easily missed because it is a relatively new and developing diagnosis.

Patterns of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Community Outpatient Psychiatric Practice: a Real-World Evaluation of Treatment Gaps.

Vitamin D is traditionally recognized for its role in bone mineralization but recent observations suggest additional pertinent functions in neuronal biology. The present study examines the rate and pattern of Vitamin D deficiency in the outpatient mental health clinic of a community teaching hospital as well as the vitamin D supplementation practices of outpatient psychiatrists. Participants include 148 consecutive psychiatric outpatients.

Use of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic in an Inpatient Unit of a Community Teaching Hospital.

Background: Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) often experience significant impairment in educational, occupational, and psychosocial functioning. The clinical benefit of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in the management of patients with SSD is well established. SSD patients who are nonadherent to treatment have lower disease relapse and readmission rates when prescribed a LAI, compared to oral antipsychotics.

Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Partial Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Agenesis of the corpus callosum is a rare congenital defect that has been linked to psychiatric disorders, cognitive deficits, learning disabilities, and developmental delays. We present the case of a patient with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum who exhibits depressed mood, transient loss of memory, and history of cognitive, social, and behavioral disturbances that developed during his childhood. Recent and pertinent literature was reviewed and the agenesis of the corpus callosum and its associated neuropsychiatric manifestations are discussed.

Tobacco and Substance Use among Psychiatric Inpatients in a Community Hospital: Cessation Counseling, Correlates, and Patterns of Use.

Background: Epidemiological and experimental models have been applied to describe the disproportionately high prevalence of tobacco use in patients with mental illness. This observed association has become a dire public health concern. The main objective of the present study was to examine the provision of tobacco treatment strategies in a community teaching hospital serving a predominantly underserved African American population.

Drugs of Abuse.

Drug abuse and its consequences remain a significant public health issue. An increasing number of individuals are present in the emergency room with life-threatening drug intoxication. It is imperative that emergency room physicians are cognizant of the signs, symptoms, and treatment to improve the chances of early recognition and treatment.