Cutdown is Associated with Higher 30-day Unplanned Readmissions and Wound Complications than Percutaneous Access for EVAR.

Background: A 2023 Cochrane review showed no difference in bleeding/wound infection complications, short-term mortality and aneurysm exclusion between the percutaneous and cut-down approach for femoral access in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). In contrast, single-center studies have shown bilateral cutdown resulting in higher readmission rates due to higher rates of groin wound infections. Whether 30-day readmission rates vary by type of access during EVAR procedures is unknown.

Coordinated head direction representations in mouse anterodorsal thalamic nucleus and retrosplenial cortex.

The sense of direction is critical for survival in changing environments and relies on flexibly integrating self-motion signals with external sensory cues. While the anatomical substrates involved in head direction (HD) coding are well known, the mechanisms by which visual information updates HD representations remain poorly understood. Retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays a key role in forming coherent representations of space in mammals and it encodes a variety of navigational variables, including HD.

Association between the Preoperative Standard Uptake Value (SUV) and Survival Outcomes after Robotic-Assisted Segmentectomy for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).

Background: Lung-sparing procedures, specifically segmentectomies and wedge resections, have increased over the years to treat early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigate here the perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent robotic-assisted segmentectomy (RAS) at an NCI-designated cancer center and aim to show associations between the preoperative standard update value (SUV) to tumor stage, recurrence patterns, and overall survival.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 166 consecutive patients who underwent RAS at a single institution from 2010 to 2021.

Outcomes of robotic lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer in a National Cancer Institute-Comprehensive Cancer Center National Cancer Database.

Background: There continues to be a rise in the proportion of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the recent expansion of criteria for low-dose lung cancer screening. These are increasingly being treated with minimally invasive techniques. Our study aims to compare outcomes of robotic lobectomy (RL) for NSCLC at a National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCI-CCC) to those of open lobectomy (OL), video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (VL), or RL as reported in the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Vectorized instructive signals in cortical dendrites during a brain-computer interface task.

Vectorization of teaching signals is a key element of virtually all modern machine learning algorithms, including backpropagation, target propagation and reinforcement learning. Vectorization allows a scalable and computationally efficient solution to the credit assignment problem by tailoring instructive signals to individual neurons. Recent theoretical models have suggested that neural circuits could implement single phase vectorized learning at the cellular level by processing feedforward and feedback information streams in separate dendritic compartments.

Associations between marital quality and the prognosis of breast cancer in young Chinese women: 10.3-year median follow-up.

Background: Some evidence has revealed that marital status is an important predictor of breast cancer (BC) prognosis. However, what role marital quality plays in the effect of marital status on BC prognosis remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of women aged 20-50 years with stage I-III BC treated in accordance with a standard treatment protocol.

Protocol optimization of a targeted sequencing panel for genomic profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in lung cancer.

Introduction: We investigated a commercially available sequencing panel to study the effect of sequencing depth, variant calling strategy, and targeted sequencing region on identifying tumor-derived variants in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (cfBAL) DNA compared with plasma cfDNA.

Methods: Sequencing was performed at low or high coverage using two filtering algorithms to identify tumor variants on two panels targeting 77 and 197 genes respectively.

Results: One hundred and four sequencing files from 40 matched DNA samples of cfBAL, plasma, germline leukocytes, and archival tumor specimens in 10 patients with early-stage lung cancer were analyzed.

Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Resectable NSCLC: Current and Future Perspectives.

The standard of care (SoC) for medically operable patients with early-stage (stages I-IIIB) NSCLC is surgery combined with (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy for patients with stages II to IIIB disease and some stage IB or, rarely, chemoradiation (stage III disease with mediastinal lymph node metastases). Despite these treatments, metastatic recurrence is common and associated with poor survival, highlighting the need for systemic therapies that are more effective than the current SoC. After the success of targeted therapy (TT) in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring oncogenic drivers, these agents are being investigated for the perioperative (neoadjuvant and adjuvant) treatment of patients with early-stage NSCLC.

Effect of Surgical Day of Week on Postoperative Outcomes After Robotic-Assisted Pulmonary Lobectomy.

Introduction Patients who have surgery late in the week could potentially receive different postoperative care due to a reduced weekend staff compared to patients who have surgery early in the week, who will be cared for by a full staff during the work week. Our aim was to determine if patients who underwent robotic-assisted video-thoracoscopic (RAVT) pulmonary lobectomy during the first half of the week had different outcomes than patients who also underwent RAVT pulmonary lobectomy during the second half of the week. Methods We analyzed 344 consecutive patients who underwent RAVT pulmonary lobectomy by one surgeon from 2010 to 2016.

Implementing Task-Shared Child and Adolescent Psychological Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Effective "task shared," or nonspecialist delivered, psychological interventions for children and adolescents have been developed or adapted in low- and middle-income countries with the aim of closing the global treatment gap for youth mental health care. Yet, delivery remains limited, in part due to the lack of knowledge of associated implementation, or process, outcomes. This scoping review aims to describe, examine the quality of, and synthesize findings on implementation outcomes of child and adolescent psychological interventions in low-and middle-income countries.

Surgical results of the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium 3 trial: A phase II multicenter single-arm study to investigate the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with stages IB-select IIIB resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: Multimodality treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer has long remained at a therapeutic plateau. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are highly effective in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and promising preoperatively in small clinical trials for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. This large multicenter trial tested the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant atezolizumab and surgery.

A machine learning approach to high-risk cardiac surgery risk scoring.

Introduction: In patients undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery, the uncertainty of outcome may complicate the decision process to intervene. To augment decision-making, a machine learning approach was used to determine weighted personalized factors contributing to mortality.

Methods: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for cardiac surgery patients with predicted mortality ≥10% between 2012 and 2019.

Distance of Residence From the Cancer Center Influences Perioperative Outcomes After Robotic-Assisted Pulmonary Lobectomy?

Introduction Increased distance of residence from the hospital has been previously associated with worse postoperative outcomes, especially increased hospital length of stay (LOS) after elective surgery in the USA as well as after pulmonary lobectomy in Japan. We sought to determine if the distance from our cancer center affects postoperative outcomes after robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 449 patients who underwent robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy by one surgeon for known or suspected lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant atezolizumab for resectable non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, single-arm phase II trial.

In an ongoing, open-label, single-arm phase II study ( NCT02927301 ), 181 patients with untreated, resectable, stage IB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer received two doses of neoadjuvant atezolizumab monotherapy. The primary end point was major pathological response (MPR; ≤10% viable malignant cells) in resected tumors without EGFR or ALK alterations. Of the 143 patients in the primary end point analysis, the MPR was 20% (95% confidence interval, 14-28%).

Surgical Considerations for Tumor Tissue Procurement to Obtain Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Adoptive Cell Therapy.

Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), an investigational cellular therapy, has demonstrated antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors, including melanoma. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy involves surgical resection of a patient's tumor, ex vivo TIL expansion under conditions that overcome immunosuppressive responses elicited by the tumor and the tumor microenvironment, administration of a lymphodepleting regimen, and infusion of the final TIL cell therapy product back into the patient followed by interleukin 2 administration to support T-cell activity. The surgeon plays a central role in patient identification and tumor selection-steps that are critical for successful outcomes of TIL cell therapy.

Effect of Socio-Economic Status on Perioperative Outcomes After Robotic-Assisted Pulmonary Lobectomy.

Background:  Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been correlated with poor survival rates and surgical outcomes following lung cancer resection. This study sought to determine whether this disparity exists perioperatively in lung cancer patients following robotic-assisted video-thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy.  Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 447 consecutive patients who underwent robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy by one surgeon for known or suspected lung cancer.

Adopting robotic thoracic surgery impacts hospital overall lung resection case volume.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the role of robotic-assisted lung surgery on hospital volume using difference in difference (DID). We propose hospital adoption of robotic thoracic technology increases total volume of specific procedures as compared to non-robotic hospitals.

Methods: The 2010-2015 Florida Agency for Health Care Administration dataset was queried for open, video-assisted thoracoscopic, and robotic-assisted thoracic surgeries.

Allometric rules for mammalian cortical layer 5 neuron biophysics.

The biophysical properties of neurons are the foundation for computation in the brain. Neuronal size is a key determinant of single neuron input-output features and varies substantially across species. However, it is unknown whether different species adapt neuronal properties to conserve how single neurons process information.

Effect of Lowest Postoperative Pre-albumin on Outcomes after Robotic-Assisted Pulmonary Lobectomy.

Objective: Lower pre-albumin levels have been associated with increased rates of post-surgical complications, prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS), and death. This study aims to investigate the effect of postoperative pre-albumin levels on perioperative and long-term outcomes following robotic-assisted video thoracoscopic (RAVT) pulmonary lobectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 459 consecutive patients who underwent RAVT pulmonary lobectomy by one surgeon for known or suspected lung cancer.