Torque behavior in schizophrenics, elderly persons, and other special groups.

The incidence of clockwise drawing (torque) was compared for 90 schizophrenics, 57 institutionalized elderly individuals, 24 general medical patients, 50 adults functioning well in the community, 71 graduate students, and 72 undergraduate college students. In view of Blau's (Blau, T. H.

Personaltiy correlates of the joy of life.

Hypothesized that greater diversity of joy and more intense levels of joy would be associated with low hopelessness, high sensation seeking the perception of the world as just, and high sensitization as compared with high repression. It also was predicted that female Ss would score higher in sources of joy and in intensity as compared to males. One hundred and thirty-four college students were administered the Joy of Life Scale, Hopelessness Scale, Sensation Seeking Scale, Just World Scale, and Revised Repression-Sensitization Scale.

Women's attitudes toward forcible rape.

This study assessed the attitudes of women with diverse backgrounds toward possible responses to an attempted sexual assault and also ascertained their beliefs about how society should handle a convicted rapist. Additionally, the role which the personality dimensions of assertiveness and internal-external expectamcy play in shaping attitudes toward rape was investigated. Seventy-seven women and 25 men were administered the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, the Rotter I-E Scale, and a Rape Inventory.

The body image of pregnant women as reflected in their human figure drawings.

Drawings of female figures made by women in their first (N = 54), second (N= 51), and third (N = 56) trimesters of pregnancy and post-partum (N = 55) women were compared with each other and with a control (N = 76) group of gynecological patients. There were no major differences in the drawings of women during the three major stages of pregnancy or between the pregnant women and those who had delivered recently. However, the pregnant women differed significantly from the gynecological controls in that they made more nude drawings, emphasized the genitals, distorted the drawn figures, and made the drawings smaller in size.

Sexual attitudes and behavior patterns during and following pregnancy.

Changes in sexual attitudes and behavior patterns that might be associated with pregnancy and childbirth were investigated. The subjects were 216 women seen by a group of obstetricians and gynecologist in office practice. While there was a wide range of individual responses, in general a decline in sexual interest, activity, and satisfaction was reported as pregnancy progressed.

Sex differences in alcoholics: a comparison of male and femal alcoholics' self and spouse perceptions.

Self-perceptions of male and female alcoholics and the perception of them by their respective spouses were investigated in an attempt to study sex differences in alcoholics. The subjects were 20 male and 20 female hospitalized alcoholics and their spouses. Subjects were administered a modified Katz Adjustment Scale and the NIMH Mood Scale applied both to states of sobriety and intoxication.

Introversion-extraversion and topological representations of self and others.

This study indicates that the vertical ordering of self-social others is a potent measure of individual differences in social orientations. Since the extravert is the more sociable, excitement-seeking, carefree individual, while the introvert is more retiring, aloof and introspective, it would be worthwhile in future research to determine whether the dominance, vs. submissive or the high vs.

The awareness of risk and personal relevance in alcoholics.

From the perspective of health professionals, the estimated nine million alcoholics in America are engaged in repetitive health-avoidance behavior. The purpose of this study was to asses whether alcoholics were themselves aware of the risk-taking implications of their drinking, particularly in view of the denial clinically attributed to alcoholics. Horn's Smoker's Self-Testing Kit, modified to measure respondents' attitudes toward excessive drinking and its consequences, was administered to 61 alcoholic inpatients.

The effects of self-concept, trust, and imagined positive or negative self-disclosures on psychological space.

This study focused on some of the determinants of schematic interactional distance based on an analysis of social learning processes. It was hypothesized that closer interpersonal constructions would be associated with a more positive rather than negative self-concept, a greater rather than lesser degree of trust, and a covert positive rather than negative self-disclosure to a significant other. One hundred fifty-nine male and female undergraduate students were administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale and Jourard's Self-Disclosure Questionnaire.