Healthy dietary pattern is associated with lower glycemia independently of the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Finnish men.

Purpose: Hyperglycemia is affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. We investigated if dietary patterns associate with glycemia in individuals with high or low genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Men (n = 1577, 51-81 years) without T2D from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort filled a food-frequency questionnaire and participated in a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test.

Pharyngeal airway in children with sleep-disordered breathing in relation to head posture.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the pharyngeal airway size in different cranio-cervical postures in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and asymptomatic control children. We tested the hypothesis that the site of the most constricted pharyngeal airway in SDB children is not affected by head posture.

Methods: The study group comprised 29 children (14 boys, 15 girls, mean age 7.

Evaluation of Heart Rate Variation Analysis during Rest and Tilting in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Objective. To evaluate spectral heart rate (HR) variation using short-term ECG recordings at rest and during the tilt table test. Methods.

Validity of upper airway assessment in children: a clinical, cephalometric, and MRI study.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the capability of two-dimensional lateral cephalogram in recognizing pharyngeal obstruction is poor compared with the capability of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical observation of tonsillar size.

Materials And Methods: The study participants were 36 prepubertal children (19 male, 17 female; mean age 7.3 ± 1.

[Damage of teres minor branch of axillary nerve].

Atrophy demarcating to musculus teres minor is seen in magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder region in 3 to 5.5% of investigations. We describe seven patients with prolonged or recurrent pain of the shoulder region, who were diagnosed in ENMG with damage of the axillary nerve brand to m.

Atypical perceptual narrowing in prematurely born infants is associated with compromised language acquisition at 2 years of age.

Background: Early auditory experiences are a prerequisite for speech and language acquisition. In healthy children, phoneme discrimination abilities improve for native and degrade for unfamiliar, socially irrelevant phoneme contrasts between 6 and 12 months of age as the brain tunes itself to, and specializes in the native spoken language. This process is known as perceptual narrowing, and has been found to predict normal native language acquisition.

Cephalometric evaluation of children with nocturnal sleep-disordered breathing.

The present study aimed to assess the cephalometric features in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The subjects were 70 children (34 boys and 36 girls, mean age 7.3, SD 1.

Sudomotor dysfunction in patients with optic neuritis.

Objectives: Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Autonomic failure affecting the pupillary function is known to exist in ON patients, and patients with MS are known to have more widespread autonomic dysfunction. For example, sudomotor dysfunction is well known in MS.

Apparent diffusion coefficient on magnetic resonance imaging in pons and in corona radiata and relation with the neurophysiologic measurement and the outcome in very preterm infants.

Background: New imaging techniques allow a detailed visualization of the brain and the findings possibly correlate with neurophysiologic measurements and neurosensory and motor outcomes. Postnatal clinical factors known to associate with neurologic disabilities may contribute to brain abnormalities not visible to the naked eye.

Objectives: We evaluated whether quantitative measurement of organized water diffusion on MR imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relates to neurophysiologic function and to clinical risk factors and motor outcome in preterm infants.

Sweating impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: To measure sweating in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials And Methods: Sweating was measured by an evaporimeter after a heating stimulus in 29 MS patients and in 15 healthy control subjects.

Results: The MS patients sweated markedly less than the controls.

Dental arch morphology in children with sleep-disordered breathing.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of nocturnal breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and snoring on developing dental arches. The study group comprised 41 children (22 males, 19 females, mean age 7.2 years, standard deviation 1.

Sympathetic skin responses in multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: This study assessed the sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) and their correlation with brain lesion volumes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials And Methods: The SSRs were measured in 27 patients with MS and 27 healthy controls. The volumes of the proton density-weighted MS lesions in the brain were measured using MRI.

A handheld nerve conduction measuring device in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Objectives: The diagnostic utility and reliability of an easy-to-operate novel handheld nerve conduction tester in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Using the test device, the sensory nerve conductions (SNC) in the median and ulnar nerves were compared with each other in 194 patients with suspected CTS and 95 healthy controls. The test device results were compared with the results of nerve conduction studies (NCS) with traditional instrumentation.

A 3-year clinical follow-up of adult patients with 3243A>G in mitochondrial DNA.

Objective: To follow the clinical course of patients with the mitochondrial DNA mutation 3243A>G for 3 years.

Methods: Thirty-three adult patients with the 3243A>G mutation entered a 3-year follow-up study. They were clinically evaluated annually, audiometry was performed, and samples were drawn for the analysis of blood chemistry and mutation heteroplasmy in leukocytes.

Cardiovascular regulation and hippocampal sclerosis.

Purpose: Cardiovascular dysregulation has been detected in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by using cardiovascular reflex tests and analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). The two methods have not previously been used in the same study to compare them in the assessment of cardioregulatory function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the best method to reveal structural changes such as hippocampal sclerosis associated with TLE.

Muscle computed tomography patterns in patients with the mitochondrial DNA mutation 3243A>G.

Computed tomography provides a sensitive method for investigating skeletal muscle changes in neuromuscular diseases, but this method has not been applied to mitochondrial myopathies. We characterized the pattern of muscle involvement in patients with the 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the common MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) mutation. Twenty-four patients, age 19-73 years, with 3243A>G were examined.

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction correlates with brain MRI lesion load in MS.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular autonomic control in clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a standardised battery of cardiovascular tests and to correlate these findings with the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion load.

Methods: Fifty-one patients with MS and 50 healthy controls were studied. Brain MRI was performed in all patients showing typical MS lesions.

Nocturnal cardiac autonomic regulation in Parkinson's disease.

Diminished heart rate (HR) variability has been reported in patients with early phase Parkinson's disease (PD) using standardized cardiovascular reflex tests. However, limited data exist on HR variability during sleep; thus the present study was performed to investigate the characteristics of HR variability during different sleep stages. The HR variability of 21 newly diagnosed and untreated PD patients and of 22 control subjects was evaluated by using time domain, frequency domain and non-linear methods and by analyzing HR reactions to body movements during the different sleep stages (non-REM stages S1-4 and the REM stage).

Effects of pregnancy on mothers' sleep.

Objectives: To survey the effects of pregnancy on mothers' sleep.

Methods: Mothers were interviewed during and after pregnancy with a series of five questionnaires to assess alterations in their sleep. The first questionnaire covered the 3 months before becoming pregnant, the next three the trimesters of pregnancy and the last the 3 months after delivery.

Neurological diseases and accidental falls of the aged.

Objective: To assess the influence of central and peripheral neurological diseases on the incidence of accidental falls of the aged.

Design: 1. Case-control study with cross-section at two years and 2.

Peripheral neuropathy in patients with the 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA.

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the clinical manifestations of the MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) syndrome, but its frequency and phenotypic variability have not been properly characterised. We therefore studied the clinical and electrophysiological features of peripheral neuropathy in 32 patients with the 3243A > G mutation in mitochondrial DNA by using clinical examination, assessment of Neuropathy Symptom Score, Neuropathy Disability Score, and electrophysiological examinations. Seven patients (22 %; 95 % confidence interval, 9-40 %) fulfilled the electrodiagnostic criteria for polyneuropathy.

Brainstem auditory-evoked potentials of 8-year-old preterm children in relation to their psycholinguistic abilities and MRI findings.

Background: Brainstem auditory potential (BAEP) has been used to demonstrate brainstem damage and to provide prognosis for the outcome for newborn children. There are contradictory results of its power to predict problems in language development or problems at school. It is well known that preterm children experience an excess of these problems.