[On the relevance of examining the internal organs for the presence of diatom plankton after drowning at sea].

Objective: To establish the relevance of examining the internal organs for the presence of diatom plankton after drowning in the waters of the White Sea.

Material And Methods: We studied the biological material (fragments of lungs and kidneys) from the corpses of people found in the waters of the Kemskaya Bay and Onega Bay of the White Sea and waters from different areas of the White Sea for the presence of diatoms.

Results: In all cases of drowning in the waters of the White Sea (in the area of the city of Belomorsk and the Kem skerries), marine and freshwater diatoms were found in the lungs and kidneys of the deceased in quantities sufficient to diagnose death from drowning in water.

[Structural and functional characteristics of the brain and their role in the development of eating behaviour in obesity: A review].

Obesity is a major public health problem that requires new approaches. Despite all interventions, the behavioural and therapeutic interventions developed have demonstrated limited effectiveness in curbing the obesity epidemic. Findings from imaging studies of the brain suggest the existence of neural vulnerabilities and structural changes that are associated with the development of obesity and eating disorders.

[On the study of postmortem tissue changes' dynamics according to impedance metrics data].

Objective: To find a way and form of presenting impedance metrics data to clarify prescription of death coming in a comprehensive assessment.

Material And Methods: The impedance of biological objects was measured depending on prescription of death coming in standardized conditions (air temperature +4 °C, humidity 45%). The main examined postmortem period was 1 months.

[Forensic school of professor V.L. Popov].

The authors' idea of the "scientific school" concept is presented. The evolution of the forensic school formation is shown, starting from the student years, through professional specialization and scientific analysis of forensic practice to independent thesis. The basic principles of training military forensic experts in the Military Medical Academy are demonstrated.

[Body composition in sarcopenia in middle-aged individuals].

Unlabelled: Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms.

[Neural networks in the predictive diagnosis of cognitive impairment in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Background: Cognitive dysfunction, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia, is increasingly recognized as a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that affects patient well-being and disease management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-studies have shown varying degrees of cortical atrophy, cerebral infarcts, and deep white matter lesions. To explain the relationship between DM and cognitive decline, several hypotheses have been proposed, based on the variability of glycemia leading to morphometric changes in the brain.

[Problems of expert assessment of a case of fatal rupture of the wall of the rudimentary horn of the uterus in ectopic pregnancy].

Recently in the Russian Federation there has been a significant increase in the number of commissions of forensic medical examinations on «medical cases» associated with inappropriate provision of medical care to the population. The problem of investigating such crimes is one of the most difficult tasks facing law enforcement agencies. A special place among them is occupied by examinations related to maternal mortality.

[Ecological aspects of postmortem microbiome and possibility of their use in forensic practice].

Through experimental reproduction of the decomposition process using the cadaver of rabbit Oryctolagus sp., the dynamics of cadaver microflora was studied; the dominant bacterial taxa were isolated in pure culture and identified; their ecological and trophic profiles and biodiversity were described based on the values of Simpson and Menchinic ecological indices. The dependence of cadaver rotting and skeletonization rate on the taxonomic profile of microorganisms, decomposition period, and abiotic environmental factors (temperature, acidity, soil moisture) was demonstrated.

Clinical Evaluation of Different Treatment Strategies for Motor Recovery in Poststroke Rehabilitation during the First 90 Days.

Background: Motor recovery after stroke is based on neuronal plasticity and the structural reorganization of the brain. Questions are debated about the proper moment to start rehabilitation in the acute period of stroke, the significance of rehabilitation interventions during the so-called "plastic window", and the advantages of modern and traditional programs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of different rehabilitation strategies and their combinations for motor recovery and the impact on functional disability by way of neurological and functional outcomes 3 months after ischemic stroke.

[Problems of expert assessment in gunshot injuries caused by shots from special weapon].

Forensic examination of a gunshot injury is the most difficult problem of domestic and foreign forensic medicine. A large amount of knowledge and practical observations on damage from standard samples of handguns has been accumulated. The emergence of new unique samples of special-purpose weapons requires forensic physicians and forensic experts to conduct a complex of morphological, spectral, forensic chemical, medico-forensic, radiological and other special laboratory studies of damage caused by such weapons.

Serum BDNF's Role as a Biomarker for Motor Training in the Context of AR-Based Rehabilitation after Ischemic Stroke.

Background: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a role during neurorehabilitation following ischemic stroke. This study aimed to elucidate the possible role of BDNF during early recovery from ischemic stroke assisted by motor training.

Methods: fifty patients were included after acute recovery from ischemic stroke: 21 first received classical rehabilitation followed by 'motor rehabilitation using motion sensors and augmented reality' (AR-rehabilitation), 14 only received AR-rehabilitation, and 15 were only observed.

[A prognostic model of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To develop a model for the prognosis of cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus based on data from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Materials And Methods: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and individuals without diabetes were examined (control group). All participants were evaluated for carbohydrate metabolism, underwent neuropsychological testing (MoCa test), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain.

[The beginning of teaching forensic medicine in Russia].

Issues related to the beginning of teaching forensic medicine in Russia, the date of foundation of the first department and the emergence of the first professors of forensic medicine are considered. We studied publications on forensic medicine of the 18th-19th centuries, the work of authoritative researchers in the history of medicine of this period. Study methods: systemic, comparative historical, analytical.

[Interaction of various necrobionts during corpse decomposition and application of the microbiological zoological study data for the reconstruction of the conditions of the post-mortem period].

Analysis of the scientific literature demonstrated that the study of the dynamic of post-mortem changes is one of the actual problems of the forensic thanatology. The establishment of patterns occurring in the post-mortem period is directly related to the determination of the duration of this period and, accordingly, the post-mortem interval. This is especially difficult in cases where the object of study is in a state of putrefactive changes or in the form of skeletonized remains with a minimal amount of soft tissue.

[Ergometric evaluation of impact strength that lead to skull fracture: features of individual methods, typical expert mistakes and methods of their prevention].

Two current approaches to the ergometric evaluation of the impact strength that lead to skull fracture are described. Within each of them, the features of particular techniques, typical expert errors, ways and means of preventing them are analyzed. Quantitative data on the contribution of various initial parameters (fracture type, age, bone thickness, skull radius of curvature, body weight, height, etc.

[Occurrence of a lethal outcome due to iatrogenic damage of an intercostal vessel during a pleural puncture procedure].

A rare case of a lethal outcome due to iatrogenic damage to the intercostal vessel, a collateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery, is described. The little-known features of the topography of this vessel (location on the upper edge of the underlying rib), which requires further study in the context of variable anatomy, are given. The risks associated with deviations from the traditionally recommended sites of pleural puncture (below the eighth intercostal space to the scapular line) are substantiated.

[Extended amniotic fluid embolism associated with labor].

The authors report two cases of extended amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) associated with the birth-giving process with the analysis of their causes and the discussion of the possible pathways through which the amniotic fluid penetrates into maternal blood. A rare cause of amniotic fluid embolism due to the rupture of placental membranes as a result of submembranous hemorrhage is described. The changes in the lungs associated with extended AFE are apparent in the presence of macroscopic emboli formed from the particles of the amniotic fluid.

[Markers for cognitive impairments and variability of glycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Aim: To analyze the relationship between the markers of cognitive impairment and the variability of glycaemia in patients with DM type 1.

Material And Methods: Patients with DM type 1 and people without DM (the control group) were examined. Neuropsychological testing (MoCA-test), brain MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain, as well as parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and glycemic variability coefficients) were used.

[The infarction or the traumatic rupture of the spleen?].

The clinical observation reported in the present article is of special interest for the forensic medical experts taking into consideration the rare occurrence of infarction of the spleen in the medical legal practice. More comprehensive detailed information about such cases is needed for their thorough in-depth investigation and systematization of the differential diagnostic signs and clinical manifestations of the injury (rupture of the spleen) and pathology of the organ (infarction) for the purpose of the more reliable differentiation between these conditions, creation of the relevant diagnostic database, formulation of more conclusive recommendations, and their better substantiation.

A Method for Quantitative Evaluation of the Results of Postural Tests.

A method for quantitative evaluation of the results of postural tests is proposed. The method is based on contact-free measurements of 3D coordinates of body point movements. The result can serve as an integral test based on the Mahalanobis distance.

[The specific age-related palmometric features of an adult subject].

In connection with the variability and as a consequence of the poor diagnostic value of the external (planimetric) parameters of the palm traces, the new system of absolute and relative dimensional attributes based on the stable palmoglyphic reference points is considered. The purpose of the present study was the search for the new biological markers of biological age. The material for the study consisted of the palm prints obtained from 180 men and 120 women of the Caucasoid stock at the age from 16 to 80 years.

[The current state of the expertise of the injuries inflicted by the power-driven sawing tools].

This review of the literature covers the major articles published during the past 40 years that treat the problem of forensic medical expertise of the injuries to human organs inflicted by the power saws with high-speed reciprocating motion of the blade (power jigsaws and sabre saws.) The authors analyze the current state-of-the-art in this field and the available possibilities for the forensic medical expertise to evaluate the injuries inflicted by the sawing devices.

[The age-specific features of palm dermatoglyphics in the adults subjects].

This article was designed to consider the congenital age-specific features of palm dermatoglyphics in the adults subjects (including the type of the papillary patterns, axial tri-radii, the termini of palmar main lines, the rudiments of palmar lines, the dermatoglyphic ridge count between the stable anatomical structures). The objective of the study was to look for the new diagnostic markers of the biological age. It included the identification of the palm prints obtained from 180 Caucasoid men and 120 women at the age varying from 16 to 80 years.