Vulnerabilities of Syrian refugee children in Turkey and actions taken for prevention and management in terms of health and wellbeing.

Background: The Syrian crisis, which started in March 2011, has resulted in the displacement of 6.3 million refugees predominantly to neighboring countries in addition to the internal displacement of 6.2 million people.

Nesfatin-1 ameliorates oxidative bowel injury in rats with necrotizing enterocolitis: The role of the microbiota composition and claudin-3 expression.

Background And Purpose: Ongoing high mortality due to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) necessitates the investigation of novel treatments to improve the outcome of the affected newborns. The aim was to elucidate the potential therapeutic impact of the nesfatin-1, a peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in several inflammatory processes, on NEC-induced newborn rats.

Materials And Methods: Sprague-Dawley pups were separated from their mothers, fed with a hyperosmolar formula and exposed to hypoxia, while control pups had no intervention.

The effectiveness of non-operative treatment in high-grade liver and spleen injury in children.

Background: Although a nonoperative treatment approach is preferred for blunt liver and spleen trauma in childhood, there are significant differences between clinics in the algorithms used. The approach to high-grade liver and spleen injury is still controversial, particularly as grade V liver and spleen injuries are not included in the American Pediatric Surgical Association guideline. The aim of this study was to present experience with a non-operative treatment approach to children with high-grade liver and spleen injuries.

Positional installation of contrast (PIC) and Redo-PIC cystography for diagnosis of occult vesicoureteral reflux.

Karadeniz-Cerit K, Thomas DT, Ergun R, Yıldız N, Alpay H, İnanır S, Dağlı ET, Tuğtepe H. Positional installation of contrast (PIC) and Redo-PIC cystography for diagnosis of occult vesicoureteral reflux. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 180-187.

Halofuginone improves caustic-induced oxidative injury of esophagus in rats.

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of halofuginone in caustic esophageal burn injury in rats.

Materials And Methods: Corrosive esophageal injury (CEI) was produced in male Wistar albino rats by instilling NaOH solution (1 ml, 37.5%) into the distal esophagus.

Laparoscopic approach for removing a coin trapped in Meckel's diverticulum.

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem in children. Most of these foreign bodies spontaneously pass through the gastrointestinal tract. When there is a persistent foreign body in the abdomen, it is impossible to make a diagnosis without exploration.

Post-traumatic stress disorder in mothers of children who have undergone cancer surgery.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated risk factors among mothers of children who underwent cancer surgery.

Method: This cross-sectional, multi-center study included a total of 60 mothers whose children underwent major thoraco-abdominal surgery and were under follow up in the outpatient setting between February 2016 and May 2016. Clinical Data Form, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Clinician-Administered PTSD scale were used.

Somatosensory evoked potentials as a screening tool for diagnosis of spinal pathologies in children with treatment refractory overactive bladder.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of somatosensory evoked potential as a screening tool for spinal pathologies in patients with treatment refractory overactive bladder.

Methods: This prospective study was performed between January 2011 and January 2014. Children >5 years old with treatment refractory overactive bladder were enrolled after exclusion of anatomical and neurological causes of incontinence.

Halofuginone Alleviates Burn-Induced Hepatic and Renal Damage in Rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of halofuginone on burn-induced oxidative injury of the liver and kidney. For the induction of burn, backs of Wistar albino rats were shaved and exposed for 10 seconds to water bath at 90°C, whereas rats in the control group were exposed for 10 seconds at 25°C. Rats were then administered either saline (1 ml/kg) or halofuginone (100 μg/kg/day) intraperitoneally and decapitated at the 24th hour (early burn) or on the 7th day (late burn).

Inguinal Hernia Containing Uterus, Fallopian Tube, and Ovary in a Premature Newborn.

A female infant weighing 2,200 g was delivered at 34 weeks of gestation by vaginal delivery. She presented with an irreducible mass in the left inguinal region at 32 days of age. An ultrasonography (US) was performed and an incarcerated hernia containing uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary was diagnosed preoperatively.

Comparison of uroflow parameters in children with pure constipation versus constipation plus lower urinary tract symptoms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare uroflow parameters of patients with pure constipation against those with constipation plus lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and a control group (no constipation).

Materials And Methods: During August 2012 to March 2014 three groups of patients were enrolled into the study: group C (constipation only), group CL (LUTS plus constipation) and group N (control: no constipation or LUTS). Dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES) scores, uroflowmetry/electromyography (uroflow-EMG) findings, postvoiding residual urine (PVR) and rectal diameter were measured and compared between groups.

Comparison of biofeedback therapy in children with treatment-refractory dysfunctional voiding and overactive bladder.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of biofeedback therapy (BF) in children with treatment refractory overactive bladder (OAB) and dysfunctional voiding (DV).

Methods: This study was performed between April 2012 and March 2014. Patients with treatment refractory OAB and DV were included.

The effect of untethering on urologic symptoms and urodynamic parameters in children with primary tethered cord syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate urinary system symptoms (USSs) and urodynamic parameters (UPs) before and after untethering in children with primary tethered cord syndrome (pTCS).

Methods: USSs and UPs of patients undergoing untethering for pTCS during the period January 2008-July 2012 were evaluated preoperatively and at the postoperative third and 12th months. For analysis, patients were separated into 4 groups according to the presence of USSs: group 1, USSs preoperative positive and postoperative negative; group 2, USSs preoperative positive and postoperative positive; group 3, USSs preoperative negative and postoperative positive; group 4, USSs preoperative negative and postoperative negative.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a rare entity.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm in children that mainly occurs in young females. We herein report a rare case of SPT arising from the tail of the pancreas. A 13-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic with abdominal pain and anorexia.

The effect of dorsal dartos flaps on complication rates in hypospadias repair: a randomised prospective study.

Aim: This study prospectively analysed the effect of using a dartos flap on the complication rates of TIPU (tubularised incised plate urethroplasty) in hypospadias repair.

Material And Methods: Patients having TIPU repair for hypospadias at our university hospital between January 2010 and August 2013 were prospectively divided into two groups. Group 1 had TIPU repair with dorsal dartos flap, whereas group 2 had flapless repair.

Does common channel length affect surgical choice in female congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients?

Objective: Partial/total urogenital sinus mobilization (UGSM) is one of the recommended techniques for treatment of female congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In this study we compared the length of common channel (CC) and type of operation performed in CAH patients.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients receiving surgery for female CAH.

Should we routinely test for chordee in patients with distal hypospadias?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of chordee in distal hypospadias and compare our intraoperative findings with those reported by the families of patients and to determine if routine testing for chordee should be performed in patients with distal hypospadias.

Material And Methods: Surgical reports and medical files of distal hypospadias patients operated from January 2008 to January 2013 were prospectively reviewed. The type of hypospadias, family's report of chordee, intraoperative finding of chordee and its degree were noted.

Child abuse and neglect in Turkey: professional, governmental and non-governmental achievements in improving the national child protection system.

Since ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1995, significant efforts were made in Turkey to improve protection of children from abuse and neglect. The government took steps to amend relevant laws. Several state departments recognized the need for professional in-service training of relevant governmental agency staff.

Horner's syndrome as a rare complication of tube thoracostomy: case reports and review of literature.

Horner's Syndrome (HS), caused by the interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway, is a rare yet morbid complication of tube thoracostomy. However, literature regarding HS secondary to tube thoracostomy is limited to case reports, with little comprehensive information available. We report two cases and review all cases from the published literature to assess the outcome of this complication.

The antifibrotic drug halofuginone reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative renal damage in rats.

Aim: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of halofuginone against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were unilaterally nephrectomized and the left renal pedicles were occluded for 45 min to induce ischemia and then reperfused for 6 h (early) or for 72 h (late). The rats were treated intraperitoneally with either halofuginone (100 μg/kg/day) or saline 30 min prior to ischemia and the dose was repeated in the late reperfusion groups.

Cushing's syndrome due to a non-adrenal ectopic adrenocorticotropin-secreting Ewing's sarcoma in a child.

Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is extremely rare in the pediatric age group. Sarcomatous tumors causing EAS are even rarer. We report a 9 year-old girl presenting with Cushing's syndrome caused by ectopic ACTH production by a Ewing's sarcoma.

Foreign body aspiration in children: the value of diagnostic criteria.

Objective: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a serious problem in children. While bronchoscopy should be performed in all patients with aspiration; patients without aspiration should be carefully excluded to avoid an unnecessary bronchoscopy. In this study we analyzed the details of our series, complication rates and compared the diagnostic findings between patients with an aspirated FB and those without.

An unusual case of chylothorax complicating childhood tuberculosis.

Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and chylothorax are rare clinical disorders. The concurrence of these two disorders as manifestations of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis has not been reported. We report a 4-month-old boy presenting with chylothorax as the initial presentation of tuberculosis that has been successfully treated with octreotide, antituberculosis drugs and steroid therapy.

Esophageal balloon dilation in children: prospective analysis of hemodynamic changes and complications during general anesthesia.

Study Objective: To investigate hemodynamic changes and complications in children during balloon dilation of esophageal strictures.

Design: Prospective, controlled study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.