Fluctuation in Serum Sodium Levels Related to Ipragliflozin Administration in a Patient with Diabetic Nephropathy and Sequela of Traumatic Brain Injury.

A 46-year-old diabetic man underwent the removal of a hematoma caused by traumatic brain injury. After surgery, severe hyponatremia occurred. The subsequent administration of NaCl and fludrocortisone improved his laboratory findings.

[Thalamus and Attention].

Attention is the process by which information and selection occurs, the thalamus plays an important role in the selective attention of visual and auditory information. Selective attention is a conscious effort; however, it occurs subconsciously, as well. The lateral geniculate body (LGB) filters visual information before it reaches the cortex (bottom-up attention).

Simultaneous determination of a novel oral Janus kinase inhibitor ASP015K and its sulfated metabolite in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS.

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for determining the concentrations of novel Janus kinase inhibitor ASP015K and its sulfated metabolite M2 in rat plasma. This method involves solid-phase extraction (SPE) from 25 μL of rat plasma. LC separation was performed on an Inertsil PH-3 column (100 mm L ×4.

Three novel mutations in the carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) gene in patients with CACT deficiency and in healthy individuals.

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2) are key enzymes for transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Deficiencies of these enzymes, which are clinically characterized by life-threatening non-ketotic hypoglycemia and rhabdomyolysis, cannot be distinguished by acylcarnitine analysis performed using tandem mass spectrometry. We had previously reported the CPT2 genetic structure and its role in CPT2 deficiency.

Neopterin concentration as an index of disease activity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Background: Neopterin, a pyrazino-[2,3-d]-pyrimidine compound, is a metabolite of cyclic guanosine monophosphate that is released by activated T lymphocytes and macrophages after induction by γ interferon. We sought to determine whether neopterin concentration in stool, serum, or urine is a useful marker of disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Methods: We prospectively studied 70 outpatients (33 M, 37 F, aged 39.

[Three dysuria adults without continuous medical treatment after surgery for spina bifida in infancy].

We encountered three patients with dysuria who had undergone spinal surgery for spina bifida during infancy. The patients presented with mental disability and dysbasia. Difficulty in urination, urinary incontinence, and a residual sensation of urine were resolved through intermittent self-catheterization in all patients.

Chemical profiling and gene expression profiling during the manufacturing process of Taiwan oolong tea "Oriental Beauty".

Oriental Beauty, which is made from tea leaves infested by the tea green leafhopper (Jacobiasca formosana) in Taiwan, has a unique aroma like ripe fruits and honey. To determine what occurs in the tea leaves during the oolong tea manufacturing process, the gene expression profiles and the chemical profiles were investigated. Tea samples were prepared from Camellia sinensis var.

Placental site trophoblastic tumor of the uterine cervix occurring from undetermined antecedent pregnancy.

A cervical polyp complicated by severe hemorrhage was removed from a 43-year-old Japanese woman (gravida 0), who had undergone tubectomy on the right side 10 years previously. The polyp was diagnosed by immunohistochemical studies as placental site trophoblastic tumor of the cervix, but no metastatic foci were found in any other uterine site. The tumor was further demonstrated by PCR polymorphisms to possess two genomic DNA of the patient and her husband.

Shunt assistant valve: bench test investigations and clinical performance.

Background: We tested the flow characteristics of a new siphon-reducing device, the Shunt Assistant Valve trade mark (SAV) combined with a Codman-Hakim trade mark (CH) programmable valve and studied 4 clinical cases. We discussed the efficacy of the SAV at preventing low pressure syndrome secondary to overdrainage.

Materials And Methods: In the horizontal position the closing pressure (CP) of the SAV was 0.

[Reflex sympathetic dystrophy induced by shunt malfunction: a case report].

A 60-year-old male presented with normal pressure hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage and underwent a shunt operation. However, a shunt effective range was so narrow that he repeated a sign of overdrainage and underdrainage of CSF. At the result, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) as a complication of overdrainage was demonstrated.

Successful closure of recurrent traumatic csf rhinorrhea using the free rectus abdominis muscle flap.

Background: We present two patients in whom a free rectus abdominis muscle flap was used to close recurrent traumatic CSF rhinorrhea.

Case Description: CT scan of both patients showed frontal lobe atrophy and porencephaly after contusional hematoma. In the first patient, because the site of CSF leakage was not identified and the patient underwent three unsuccessful attempts to close the fistula using the fascia lata, we treated the patient by unifying all paranasal sinuses and by filling them with a free rectus abdominis muscle flap.

Intradural extension of mucocele complicating frontoethmoid sinus osteoma: case report.

Background: Osteomas of the paranasal sinus are often asymptomatic and are sometimes complicated by mucoceles, but intradural extension of such a mucocele has rarely been reported.

Case Description: This 67-year-old man with complaint of headache was diagnosed as having an intradural extension of a mucocele complicating an osteoma of the frontoethmoid sinus. A right frontobasal craniotomy was performed and a mucocele in the frontal sinus extending into the frontal lobe through two dural defects and the osteoma was removed completely.

[Tuberous sclerosis associated with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma and renal angiomyolipoma: a case report].

We presented a case of tuberous sclerosis (TS) associated with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGC) and renal angiomyolipoma (RAML). A 19-year-old female, who had been diagnosed as TS since she was 3 months old, was admitted with complaints of headache, vomiting, and abdominal pain. At 10 years of age, a ventricular tumor was shown on CT, and at 16 years of age a ventricular peritoneal shunt was placed for obstructive hydrocephalus.

Cosmetic reconstruction after mastoidectomy for the transpetrosal-presigmoid approach: technical note.

Objective: We describe the technique of cosmetic reconstruction after mastoidectomy in the transpetrosal-presigmoid approach for petroclival lesions.

Techniques: This technique involves raising a single temporo-occipital bone flap and cosmetic mastoidectomy, removing the mastoid bone fragments (by means of a rongeur instead of an air drill) for later reconstruction. Replacement of the bone fragments mixed with fibrin glue enables tamponade against the dura to be achieved without a fat graft.

Intracranial extension of paranasal sinus mucocele: two case reports.

In two cases intracranial extension of mucoceles of the paranasal sinus was safely removed by intranasal evacuation and drainage of the lesions located in the paranasal sinus. The diagnosis was ascertained in both cases via intranasal approach. In addition, the volume of the intracranial lesions was reduced.

General pharmacology of the new antimuscarinic compound vamicamide.

The general pharmacology of the new antimuscarinic compound vamicamide (FK176, (+/-)-(2R*, 4R*)-4-dimethylamino-2-phenyl-2- (2-pyridyl)valeramide, CAS 132373-81-0) was investigated using mice, rats, guinea pigs and dogs, and was in part compared with that of oxybutynin hydrochloride (oxybutynin, CAS 1508-65-2), a similar type of compound. 1. Vamicamide induced mydriasis after oral administration (p.

Importance of anti-siphon devices in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus.

The effects of an anti-siphon device (ASD) on shunt flow and intracranial pressure (ICP) in 16 children with hypertensive hydrocephalus were examined using quantitative radionuclide shuntography (99mTc) with the children in supine and sitting positions. The average age of these patients was 9.5 years.

Pharmacological profile of FK480, a novel cholecystokinin type-A receptor antagonist: comparison to loxiglumide.

The pharmacological profile of FK480[(S)-(+)-N-<1-(2)-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7-tetra hydro-4-oxo-pyrrolo(3,2,1-jk) (1,4)benzodiaze-pine-3-yl>-1H-indole-2- carboxamide], a novel cholecystokinin type-A (CCK-A) receptor antagonist, was compared with that of the CCK-A receptor antagonist, loxiglumide. Both FK480 and loxiglumide inhibited 125I-labeled CCK-8 (125I-CCK-8) binding to rat pancreatic and guinea-pig gallbladder membranes with IC50 values of 0.40 +/- 0.

Pineal ganglioglioma in a patient with familial basal ganglia calcification and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein: case report.

Pineal ganglioglioma was diagnosed in a 36-year-old man with familial basal ganglia calcification and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. The patient was treated surgically with a good result. Only four other cases of this tumor have been reported.

Pharmacological characterization of FK1052, a dihydropyridoindole derivative, as a new serotonin 3 and 4 dual receptor antagonist.

(+)-8,9-Dihydro-10-dihydro-10-methyl-7-[(5-methyl-4-imidazolyl) methyl]pyrido-[1,2-a]indol-6(7H)-one hydrochloride (FK1052) is a newly designed and synthesized 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3 receptor antagonist with 5-HT4 receptor antagonistic activity. This compound, as well as ondansetron and granisetron, dose-dependently inhibited the von Bezold-Jarish reflex, a 5-HT3 receptor-mediated response, after intravenous (i.v.

Biotransformation of isoeugenol and eugenol by cultured cells of Eucalyptus perriniana.

Three new biotransformation products, eugenyl beta-rutinoside, and isoeugenyl beta-gentiobioside and beta-rutinoside, together with eugenyl beta-glucoside and beta-gentiobioside, and isoeugenyl beta-glucoside, were isolated from jar fermentor culture of Eucalyptus perriniana following administration of eugenol and isoeugenol, respectively. This is the first report of rhamnosylation in a biotransformation catalysed by cultured cells of E. perriniana.

Subarachnoid dissemination of pineal germinoma 9 years after radiation therapy without local relapse--case report.

A 22-year-old female developed intracranial and spinal subarachnoid metastases 9 years after radiation therapy for a pineal germinoma. Computed tomographic scans showed no evidence of local recurrence. Cerebrospinal axis irradiation achieved total remission.

Optimum position for an anti-siphon device in a cerebrospinal fluid shunt system.

The effects on shunt flow from the position of an antisiphon device (ASD) and from changes in posture in hydrocephalic patients were examined. Fifty patients with hydrocephalus (including 36 with normal pressure hydrocephalus) were investigated, using quantitative radionuclide shuntography (99mtechnetium-pertechnetate) in the supine, sitting, and standing positions. The types of shunt valve used were as follows: Mishler dual chamber low pressure without ASD (16 cases), with ASD 40 cm below the level of the foramen of Monro (three cases), and with ASD 10 cm below the level of the foramen of Monro (12 cases); low pressure with integral ASD (14 cases); and medium pressure with integral ASD (five cases).

[Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage 5 years after head injury; case report].

A case of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) which presented subarachnoid hemorrhage long after the injury is reported. A 24-year-old male was admitted to the National Yokohama Hospital with complaints of severe headache and nausea. CT scan and cerebral angiography showed subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured CCF.

Multicentric intracranial fibrous xanthoma--case report.

Intracranial fibrous xanthoma is extremely rare; only 11 cases have been reported so far. The authors report a case of multicentric intracranial fibrous xanthoma. Precontrast computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed a left frontal subdural mass, which had previously been diagnosed as a chronic subdural hematoma at another hospital.