Personalised decision making to predict absolute metastatic risk in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: development and validation of a clinico-pathological model.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin cancer, affecting more than 2 million people worldwide yearly and metastasising in 2-5% of patients. However, current clinical staging systems do not provide estimates of absolute metastatic risk, hence missing the opportunity for more personalised treatment advice. We aimed to develop a clinico-pathological model that predicts the probability of metastasis in patients with cSCC.

Longitudinal Assessment of the Prevalence of Actinic Keratosis and Extensive Risk Factor Evaluation: An Update from the Rotterdam Study.

Population-based studies available to analyze the prevalence, risk factors, and longitudinal outlook of actinic keratoses (AKs) are limited. These features mentioned earlier were assessed using Rotterdam study participants aged ≥40 years who underwent a full-body skin examination by a dermatology-trained physician. ORs with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the associations between risk factors and the presence of AK.

Risk factors for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Refinement and replication based on 2 nationwide nested case-control studies.

Background: Risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) metastasis have been investigated only in relatively small data sets.

Objective: To analyze and replicate risk factors for metastatic cSCC.

Methods: From English and Dutch nationwide cancer registry cohorts, metastatic cases were selected and 1:1 matched to controls.

Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Baseline Clinical Examination and Ultrasonographic Imaging for the Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With High-risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Importance: Patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck may develop lymph node metastasis; therefore, additional workup of the regional lymph nodes in these patients should be considered. However, there is uncertainty regarding the value of baseline ultrasonographic imaging in addition to clinical examination for the detection of metastasis.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and baseline ultrasonography for the detection of metastasis among patients with high-risk cutaneous SCC of the head and neck and to assess the accuracy of ultrasonography when baseline clinical examination produces negative results.

Validation of four cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma staging systems using nationwide data.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer worldwide with relatively low metastatic potential (2-5%). Developments in therapeutic options have highlighted the need to better identify high-risk patients who could benefit from closer surveillance, adjuvant therapies and baseline/follow-up imaging, while at the same time safely omitting low-risk patients from further follow-up. Controversy remains regarding the predictive performance of current cSCC staging systems and which methodology to adopt.

Cumulative incidence and disease-specific survival of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide cancer registry study.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents the most serious form of keratinocyte cancers because of its metastatic potential. Studies on nationwide incidence and disease-specific survival rates of metastatic cSCC (mcSCC) are lacking.

Objective: To investigate the cumulative incidence and disease-specific survival of patients with mcSCC in the Dutch population and assess patient-based risk factors.

Incidence of Multiple vs First Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma on a Nationwide Scale and Estimation of Future Incidences of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: Until now, most studies on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) incidence rates concerned only the first cSCC per patient. Given the increase in incidence rates and the frequent occurrence of subsequent cSCCs per patient, population-based data on the incidence rates of both first and multiple cSCCs are needed.

Objectives: To calculate annual age-standardized incidence rates for histopathologically confirmed first and multiple cSCCs per patient and to estimate future cSCC incidence rates up to 2027.

Assessment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) In situ Incidence and the Risk of Developing Invasive cSCC in Patients With Prior cSCC In situ vs the General Population in the Netherlands, 1989-2017.

Importance: The incidence rates of keratinocyte cancer are increasing globally; however, the incidence rates of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in situ and the risk of developing subsequent invasive cSCC remain unknown.

Objective: To estimate annual population-based age-standardized incidence rates of histopathologically confirmed cSCC in situ stratified by sex, age, and body site and to assess the risk of developing invasive cSCC among patients with cSCC in situ compared with the general population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide epidemiological population-based cohort study used cancer registry data to identify all patients with a first incident of histopathologically confirmed cSCC in situ between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 2017.

Predicting keratinocyte carcinoma in patients with actinic keratosis: development and internal validation of a multivariable risk-prediction model.

Background: Patients with actinic keratosis (AK) are at increased risk for developing keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) but predictive factors and their risk rates are unknown.

Objectives: To develop and internally validate a prediction model to calculate the absolute risk of a first KC in patients with AK.

Methods: The risk-prediction model was based on the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study cohort.