SWI/SNF Complex Connects Signaling and Epigenetic State in Cells of Nervous System.

SWI/SNF protein complexes are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic regulators described in all eukaryotes. In metameric animals, the complexes are involved in all processes occurring in the nervous system, from neurogenesis to higher brain functions. On the one hand, the range of roles is wide because the SWI/SNF complexes act universally by mobilizing the nucleosomes in a chromatin template at multiple loci throughout the genome.

AP-1/c-Fos supports SIV and HIV-1 latency in CD4 T cells infected .

Persistent HIV-1 reservoirs of infected CD4 T cells are a major barrier to HIV-1 cure, although the mechanisms by which they are established and maintained remain poorly characterized. To elucidate host cell gene expression patterns that govern virus gene expression, we analyzed viral RNA+ (vRNA) CD4 T cells of untreated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques by single-cell RNA sequencing. A subset of vRNA+ cells distinguished by spliced and high total vRNA (7-10% of reads) expressed diminished a component of the Activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor, relative to vRNA-low and -negative cells.

Semiconductor-to-Insulator Transition in Inter-Electrode Bridge-like Ensembles of Anatase Nanoparticles under a Long-Term Action of the Direct Current.

The results of experimental studies of ohmic conductivity degradation in the ensembles of nanostructured anatase bridges under a long-term effect of direct current are presented. Stochastic sets of partially conducting inter-electrode bridges consisting of close-packed anatase nanoparticles were formed by means of the seeding particles from drying aqueous suspensions on the surfaces of silica substrates with interdigital platinum electrodes. Multiple-run experiments conducted at room temperature have shown that ohmic conductivity degradation in these systems is irreversible.

Modelling of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to SARS Viral Infection, Cytokine Storm and Vaccination.

In this work, we develop mathematical models of the immune response to respiratory viral infection, taking into account some particular properties of the SARS-CoV infections, cytokine storm and vaccination. Each model consists of a system of ordinary differential equations that describe the interactions of the virus, epithelial cells, immune cells, cytokines, and antibodies. Conventional analysis of the existence and stability of stationary points is completed by numerical simulations in order to study the dynamics of solutions.

Competition of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Cell Culture and Tissue: Wins the Fastest Viral Autowave.

Replication of viruses in living tissues and cell cultures is a "number game" involving complex biological processes (cell infection, virus replication inside infected cell, cell death, viral degradation) as well as transport processes limiting virus spatial propagation. In epithelial tissues and immovable cell cultures, viral particles are basically transported via Brownian diffusion. Highly non-linear kinetics of viral replication combined with diffusion limitation lead to spatial propagation of infection as a moving front switching from zero to high local viral concentration, the behavior typical of spatially distributed excitable media.

Virus replication and competition in a cell culture: Application to the SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Viral replication in a cell culture is described by a delay reaction-diffusion system. It is shown that infection spreads in cell culture as a reaction-diffusion wave, for which the speed of propagation and viral load can be determined both analytically and numerically. Competition of two virus variants in the same cell culture is studied, and it is shown that the variant with larger individual wave speed out-competes another one, and eliminates it.

Single-Cell Profiling of Latently SIV-Infected CD4 T Cells Directly to Reveal Host Factors Supporting Reservoir Persistence.

HIV-1 cure strategies aiming to eliminate persistent infected cell reservoirs are hampered by a poor understanding of cells harboring viral DNA . We describe a novel method to identify, enumerate, and characterize in detail individual cells infected using a combination of single-cell multiplexed assays for integrated proviral DNA, quantitative viral and host gene expression, and quantitative surface protein expression without any manipulation. Latently infected CD4 T cells, defined as harboring integrated provirus in the absence of spliced viral mRNA, were identified from macaque lymph nodes during acute, chronic, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-suppressed simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection.

Cerebrospinal fluid CD4+ T cell infection in humans and macaques during acute HIV-1 and SHIV infection.

HIV-1 replication within the central nervous system (CNS) impairs neurocognitive function and has the potential to establish persistent, compartmentalized viral reservoirs. The origins of HIV-1 detected in the CNS compartment are unknown, including whether cells within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produce virus. We measured viral RNA+ cells in CSF from acutely infected macaques longitudinally and people living with early stages of acute HIV-1.

Preferential and persistent impact of acute HIV-1 infection on CD4 iNKT cells in colonic mucosa.

Acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) results in the widespread depletion of CD4 T cells in peripheral blood and gut mucosal tissue. However, the impact on the predominantly CD4 immunoregulatory invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells during AHI remains unknown. Here, iNKT cells from peripheral blood and colonic mucosa were investigated during treated and untreated AHI.

From Yasashii Nihongo in non-disaster times towards a plurilingual language education approach: an outlook from the perspective of "reasonable accommodation".

In order to address labor shortages, starting April 2019 the Japanese government introduced two new visa categories, and it can be expected that the growing number of foreign residents living and working in Japan will be increasing further in the foreseeable future. Within this context, the notion of Yasashii Nihongo or Simplified Japanese has been gaining attention over recent years. Originally designed as a tool for transmitting information in disaster-related situations and proposed for disaster mitigation purposes, at present it is being advocated as a means of communication to be used in non-disaster situations as well.

De Novo Transcriptome Profiling of Brain Tissue from the Annual Killifish .

is a genus of small annual killifish found in Africa. Due to the relatively short lifespan, as well as easy breeding and care, fish are becoming widely used as a vertebrate model system. Studying the genome and transcriptome of these fish is essential for advancing the field.

All-Nanoparticle Monolayer Broadband Antireflective and Self-Cleaning Transparent Glass Coatings.

The vast majority of light-emitting diode and liquid-crystal displays, solar panels, and windows in residential and industrial buildings use glass panels owing to their high mechanical stability, chemical resistance, and optical properties. Glass surfaces reflect about 4-5% of incident light if no antireflective coating is applied. In addition to energy losses in displays, surface reflections diminish picture quality.

Fractionated Radiosurgical Treatment of Intracerebral Schwannoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Intracranial schwannomas (ICS) unrelated to the cranial nerves are extremely rare; around 70 cases have been reported worldwide. The available literature consists of case reports and small series that present variable characteristics distinguishing these lesions. Brain parenchyma schwannomas are typically benign tumors with currently unknown origins.

miRNAs expression signature potentially associated with lymphatic dissemination in locally advanced prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common and socially significant cancers among men. The aim of our study was to reveal changes in miRNA expression profiles associated with lymphatic dissemination in prostate cancer and to identify the most prominent miRNAs as potential prognostic markers for future studies.

Methods: High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed for 44 prostate cancer specimens taken from Russian patients, with and without lymphatic dissemination (N1 - 20 samples; N0 - 24 samples).

Adjuvanted HIV-1 vaccine promotes antibody-dependent phagocytic responses and protects against heterologous SHIV challenge.

To augment HIV-1 pox-protein vaccine immunogenicity using a next generation adjuvant, a prime-boost strategy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and multimeric Env gp145 was evaluated in macaques with either aluminum (alum) or a novel liposomal monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) formulation adsorbed to alum, ALFA. Binding antibody responses were robust and comparable between arms, while antibody-dependent neutrophil and monocyte phagocytotic responses were greatly enhanced by ALFA. Per-exposure vaccine efficacy against heterologous tier 2 SHIV mucosal challenge was 90% in ALFA-adjuvanted males (P = 0.

Using of endovascular catheter methods in surgical treatment patients with lung bleeding.

Objective: The aim: Improve the results of the treatment of patients with pulmonary bleeding.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: We examined 57patients with lung bleeding different etiology, who were hospitalized in the department of Thoraco-Abdominal Surgery. All patients were divided into two groups - of the main group 27patients and the comparison group 30 patients, depend of ages, sex, nosological form, level of lung bleeding.

[Surgical revascularization of the brain in patients with acute ischaemic stroke].

Aim: The study was aimed at developing a surgical policy for patients presenting with acute ischaemic stroke induced by lesions of the intra- and extracranial arteries.

Patients And Methods: The patients were enrolled into the study resulting from the current practice of the Department of Emergency Neurosurgery of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V.

Preferential Infection of α4β7+ Memory CD4+ T Cells During Early Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection.

Background: Establishment of persistent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoirs occurs early in infection, and biomarkers of infected CD4+ T cells during acute infection are poorly defined. CD4+ T cells expressing the gut homing integrin complex α4β7 are associated with HIV-1 acquisition, and are rapidly depleted from the periphery and gastrointestinal mucosa during acute HIV-1 infection.

Methods: Integrated HIV-1 DNA was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from acutely (Fiebig I-III) and chronically infected individuals by sorting memory CD4+ T-cell subsets lacking or expressing high levels of integrin β7 (β7negative and β7high, respectively).

Gravity Drawing of Micro- and Nanofibers for Additive Manufacturing of Well-Organized 3D-Nanostructured Scaffolds.

This work introduces a gravity fiber drawing (GFD) method of making single filament nanofibers from polymer solutions and precise alignment of the fibers in 3D scaffolds. This method is advantageous for nanofiber 3D alignment in contrast to other known methods. GFD provides a technology for the fabrication of freestanding filament nanofibers of well-controlled diameter, draw ratio, and 3D organization with controllable spacing and angular orientation between nanofibers.

Enhanced neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells with mechanically enhanced touch-spun nanofibrous scaffolds.

We studied NE-4C neural cells differentiation on 2D polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds with systematically varied mechanical characteristics of nanofibers while retaining an unchanged fiber alignment, diameter, and chemical composition. Our experiments demonstrated that the nanofibers with enhanced mechanical properties are beneficial for the preferential development of neuronal cells vs. glial cells.

Touch-Spun Nanofibers for Nerve Regeneration.

In the current study, we examined the potential for neural stem cell (NSCs) proliferation on novel aligned touch-spun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. Electrospun PCL nanofibers with similar diameter and alignment were used as a control. Confocal microscopy images showed that NSCs grew and differentiated all over the scaffolds up to 8 days.

Clustering of Thrombin Generation Test Data Using a Reduced Mathematical Model of Blood Coagulation.

Correct interpretation of the data from integral laboratory tests, including Thrombin Generation Test (TGT), requires biochemistry-based mathematical models of blood coagulation. The purpose of this study is to describe the experimental TGT data from healthy donors and hemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) patients. We derive a simplified ODE model and apply it to analyze the TGT data from healthy donors and HA/HB patients with in vitro added tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) antibody.

Velocity-Amplitude Relationship in the Gray-Scott Autowave Model in Isolated Conditions.

Velocity and amplitude are two basic characteristics of any autowave, and their relationship reflects the internal regulation of the autowave system. This study proposes an approach to approximately estimate steady velocity-amplitude (VA) relation without deriving separate formulas for and . The approach presumes constructing an which represents the "petal" form of phase trajectory and contains , , and a free parameter (parameters).