Three new species of the genera Ceraclea Stephens and Setodes Rambur (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from Laos and Cambodia.

Three new species of Leptoceridae were described from the Lower Mekong tributaries, namely Ceraclea luangnamthaensis n. sp., Setodes xangthevadaensis n.

Variations in the phenological patterns of a caddisfly inhabiting the same mountain massifs: Life-history differences in different altitudinal zones.

Organisms inhabiting mountainous regions can experience large vertical environmental changes, and show different ecological characteristics between altitudes, thus facilitating allopatric fragmentation even in geographically close populations. This study compared the life-history patterns of a species of limnephilid caddisfly, , in several genetically differentiated populations between alpine and sub-alpine zones in a temperate mountainous region. We showed that in the sub-alpine populations, larval development started earlier with increasing water temperature in spring, and adult emergence was also earlier.

Evolutionary history of a cold-adapted limnephilid caddisfly: Effects of climate change and topography on genetic structure.

The distribution of organisms is influenced by complex factors such as the phylogenetic evolutionary histories of species, the physiological and ecological characteristics of organisms, climate, and geographical and geohistorical features. In this study, we focused on a caddisfly, Asynarchus sachalinensis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), which has adapted to cold habitats. From phylogeographic analyses based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA regions and the nuclear DNA (nDNA) 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD), elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1-α), and RNA polymerase II (POLII) regions, two distinct genetic clades were detected.

New species of the genus Ulmer, 1915 (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) from Ratanakiri province, Cambodia, based on morphological and molecular data.

Three new species of , namely , and are described and illustrated by male specimens. The male genitalia of can be distinguished from the other 16 species of the genus found in Southeast Asia by the shape of the phallicata. The phallicata of bears a tuft of long hairs in the middle of the dorsal edge.

Phylogeography of the true freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani: Detected dual dispersal routes via land and sea.

Dispersal is an important factor that determines the potential for colonization to pioneer sites. Although most decapods employ seaward migration for reproduction with a planktonic larval phase, true freshwater crabs spend their entire life cycle in freshwater. Therefore, it is expected that genetic regionality can be easily detected.

Investigation of real-world heparin resistance and anticoagulation management prior to cardiopulmonary bypass: report from a nationwide survey by the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery heparin resistance working group.

Objective: Heparin resistance is often encountered during cardiopulmonary bypass. Heparin dose and activated clotting time target values for the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass are not yet universally standardized; further no consensus exists on the management of heparin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the current real-world practice on heparin management and anticoagulant treatment for heparin resistance in Japan.

A major flood caused by a typhoon did not affect the population genetic structure of a river mayfly metapopulation.

Floods affect the population structure of organisms that inhabit streams. In recent decades, the scale of floods has become larger due to climate change. Under these circumstances, on 12 October 2019, the largest typhoon in the history of observation in Japan struck the Japanese Archipelago.

Long-read HiFi sequencing correctly assembles repetitive silk genes in new moth and caddisfly genomes.

Insect silk is a versatile biomaterial. Lepidoptera and Trichoptera display some of the most diverse uses of silk, with varying strength, adhesive qualities, and elastic properties. Silk fibroin genes are long (>20 Kbp), with many repetitive motifs that make them challenging to sequence.

Early alveolar epithelial cell necrosis is a potential driver of COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with COVID-19 is aggravated by hyperinflammatory responses even after the peak of the viral load has passed; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, analysis of the alveolar tissue injury markers and epithelial cell death markers in patients with COVID-19 revealed that COVID-19-induced ARDS was characterized by alveolar epithelial necrosis at an early disease stage. Serum levels of HMGB-1, one of the DAMPs released from necrotic cells, were also significantly elevated in these patients.

Behavior of snow monkeys hunting fish to survive winter.

Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, of Kamikochi in the Japanese Alps endure one of the coldest and harshest environments during winter when scarcity of food puts them at risk. However, various behaviors have evolved to mitigate potential mortality. These macaques typically eat bamboo leaves and the bark of woody plants in winter, but our previous study using the feces of Japanese macaques collected in the winter and DNA metabarcoding analysis revealed conclusively for the first time consumption of riverine benthos and brown trout.

Seasonal modifications of longitudinal distribution patterns within a stream: Interspecific interactions in the niche overlap zones of two mayflies.

Niche differentiation between closely related species leads to differentiation of their habitats. Segregation based on slight differences in environmental factors, that is niche differentiation on the microhabitat scale, allows more species to inhabit a certain geographic space. Therefore, such fine scale niche differentiation is an important factor in the support of species diversity.

Lateral Transmission of Yeast Symbionts Among Lucanid Beetle Taxa.

To deepen understanding the evolutionary process of lucanid-yeast association, the lateral transmission process of yeast symbionts among stag beetle genera and around the border between Japan and South Korea was estimated based on molecular analyses and species distribution modelings. Phylogenetic analyses were based on yeast ITS and IGS sequences and beetle sequences using from the Tsushima Islands and from Kyushu, Japan, as well as other sequence data from our previous studies. The range overlap based on the species distribution model (SDM) and differentiation in ecological space were analyzed.

Winter diet of Japanese macaques from Chubu Sangaku National Park, Japan incorporates freshwater biota.

The Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) is native to the main islands of Japan, except Hokkaido, and is the most northerly living non-human primate. In the Chubu Sangaku National Park of the Japanese Alps, macaques live in one of the coldest areas of the world, with snow cover limiting the availability of preferred food sources. Winter is typically a bottleneck for food availability potentially resulting in marked energy deficits, and mortality may result from famine.

A description of the second species of the genus Bleptus Eaton, 1885 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from Japan, and phylogenetic relationships of two Bleptus mayflies inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences.

A new mayfly species, Bleptus michinokuensis sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) is described on the basis of specimens of male and female adults and mature nymphs collected at a seepage zone of a small freshwater branch of the 'Tachiya-zawa-gawa' River located amongst the northern foothills of Mt.

The U-shaped association of serum iron level with disease severity in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that leads to severe respiratory failure (RF). It is known that host exposure to viral infection triggers an iron-lowering response to mitigate pathogenic load and tissue damage. However, the association between host iron-lowering response and COVID-19 severity is not clear.

Phylogeography of the northernmost distributed caddisflies and their comparative genetic structures based on habitat preferences.

Knowledge of the factors that determine the distribution ranges of organisms is necessary to understand their evolutionary and ecological significance and contribution to biodiversity. A very effective mean of studying such factors is to compare the distribution characteristics and genetic structures of closely related species with differing habitat preferences. Freshwater aquatic insects are relatively easy to observe and the basis of their corresponding niche differentiation easier to identify.

Wide-Scale Gene Flow, Even in Insects that have Lost their Flight Ability: Presence of Dispersion Due to a Unique Parasitic Ecological Strategy of Piggybacking Hosts.

We focused on beetles that have lost all flight ability, and conducted molecular phylogeographic analyses based on their mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA regions. beetles infiltrate bumblebee nests by attaching to bumblebees as they pollinate flowers and thereafter have a unique and specific life history as they complete their life-cycle within the host nest; flight-based dispersal is achieved by piggybacking on bumblebees. In fact, beetles, which cannot fly, even inhabit remote islands (i.

Possibility of Undeveloped Egg Absorption during Embryogenesis: A Unique Phenomenon Observed in the Ovoviviparous Mayfly .

Oviparous, ovoviviparous and viviparous reproduction are interesting subjects for understanding animals' evolutionary pathways and adaptation to their life history and habitat conditions. In this study, we examined the reproductive mode of the ovoviviparous mayfly , particularly comparing embryogenesis between hand-pairing and unmated females' common oviduct. Our study suggested that the high developmental rate of observed in a recent study could be ascribed to their absorption of unfertilized eggs.

Development of microsatellite markers for a giant water bug, Appasus japonicus, distributed in East Asia.

We developed microsatellite markers for Appasus japonicus (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae). This belostomatid bug is distributed in East Asia (Japanese Archipelago, Korean Peninsula and mainland China) and often listed as an endangered species in the Red List or the Red Data Book at the national and local level in Japan. Here, we describe twenty novel polymorphic microsatellite loci developed for A.

Development of microsatellite markers for a soricid water shrew, Chimarrogale platycephalus, and their successful use for individual identification.

The soricid water shrew Chimarrogale platycephalus is a mammalian species endemic to the Japanese Islands. The animals inhabit the islands of Honshu and Kyushu, and are considered to be extinct in Shikoku. Information on this water shrew from Honshu and Kyushu is scarce, and C.

Macroinvertebrate communities in streams with contrasting water sources in the Japanese Alps.

Alpine streams are typically fed from a range of water sources including glacial meltwater, snowmelt, groundwater flow, and surface rainfall runoff. These contributions are projected to shift with climate change, particularly in the Japanese Alps where snow is expected to decrease, but rainfall events increase. The overarching aim of the study was to understand the key variables driving macroinvertebrate community composition in groundwater and snowmelt-fed streams ( = 6) in the Kamikochi region of the northern Japanese Alps (April-December 2017).