Risk factors for complications from challenging lower third molar extractions in tertiary hospital patients.

Objective: Third molar extraction is a common procedure with occasional complications. This study aimed to determine the incidence and types of complications in challenging lower third molar extractions and to identify complication risk factors in tertiary hospital patients.

Material And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 354 patients who underwent unilateral lower third molar extraction during a 2-year period in 2018-2019 at Helsinki University Hospital.

Craniofacial fractures sustained under the influence of alcohol: what are the differences between the sexes?

Objective: To identify mechanisms and types of injuries in patients having sustained craniofacial fractures under the influence of alcohol, and to compare the frequencies of them between males and females.

Materials And Methods: Patients included were adults who had been diagnosed with craniofacial fractures at Töölö Hospital Emergency Department, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, and who had been under the influence of alcohol at the time of injury. The primary outcome variables were assault-related and fall-related injury mechanisms.

Complications and complaints in craniofacial fractures - Finnish national data for 20 years.

Objective: Research on reasons for malpractice claims in oral and maxillofacial surgery is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and prevalence of permanent harm among craniofacial fracture related malpractice claims.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective register study was designed and implemented.

Production of D-glucaric acid with phosphoglucose isomerase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

D-Glucaric acid is a potential biobased platform chemical. Previously mainly Escherichia coli, but also the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pichia pastoris, have been engineered for conversion of D-glucose to D-glucaric acid via myo-inositol. One reason for low yields from the yeast strains is the strong flux towards glycolysis.

Production and sensory analysis of grape flavoured beer by co-fermentation of an industrial and a genetically modified laboratory yeast strain.

Unlabelled: The so-called "craft beer revolution" has increased the demand for new styles of beers, often with new ingredients like flavour extracts. In recent years, synthetic biology has realized the production of a plethora of plant secondary metabolites in microbial hosts, which could provide an alternative source for these compounds. In this study, we selected a in situ flavour production approach for grape flavour addition.

Causes and treatment of temporomandibular luxation-a retrospective analysis of 260 patients.

Objectives: We aimed to clarify the etiology, diagnostic process, and treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation, as the standard care is mainly based on case-reports and systematic studies are lacking. The hypotheses were that luxation occurs spontaneously, recurrence manifests particularly among geriatric patients, and surgery is needed infrequently.

Patients And Materials: A retrospective study of TMJ luxation patients (n = 260) from 2007 to 2020 was designed and implemented.

Maxillofacial injuries among ice hockey players: a retrospective study from a Finnish trauma Centre.

Objective: Ice hockey players are at risk of a variety of injuries. In our investigation, we aimed to evaluate the types of facial fractures, injury mechanisms and need for surgical intervention in professional and recreational ice hockey players.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included all patients presenting to a tertiary trauma centre with any ice hockey-related facial fracture during the period from January 2013 to July 2020.

Production of biopolymer precursors beta-alanine and L-lactic acid from CO with metabolically versatile DSM 43205.

Hydrogen oxidizing autotrophic bacteria are promising hosts for conversion of CO into chemicals. In this work, we engineered the metabolically versatile lithoautotrophic bacterium strain DSM 43205 for synthesis of polymer precursors. Aspartate decarboxylase (panD) or lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) were expressed for beta-alanine or L-lactic acid production, respectively.

Primary reconstruction of combined orbital and zygomatic complex fractures with patient-specific milled titanium implants - A retrospective study.

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare mid-facial symmetry and clinical outcomes between patients treated with patient-specific and standard implants in primary fracture reconstructions of combined orbital and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Patients who underwent primary reconstruction of orbital and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures during the study period were identified and background and clinical variables and computed tomography images were collected from patient records. Zygomaticomaxillary complex dislocation and orbital volume were measured from pre- and postoperative images and compared between groups.

Mandibular fractures in aged patients - Challenges in diagnosis.

Background/aims: Delayed treatment of a mandibular fracture can lead to complications. Therefore, early diagnosis is important. The aim of this study was to clarify the specific features of mandibular fractures in aged patients and the effect of age on possible missed diagnoses.

"A" stands for airway - Which factors guide the need for on-scene airway management in facial fracture patients?

Background: Numerous guidelines highlight the need for early airway management in facial trauma patients since specific fracture patterns may induce airway obstruction. However, the incidence of these hallmark injuries, including flail mandibles and posterior displacement of the maxilla, is contentious. We aim to evaluate specific trauma-related variables in facial fracture patients, which affect the need for on-scene versus in-hospital airway management.

Control of D-lactic acid content in P(LA-3HB) copolymer in the yeast using a synthetic gene expression system.

The fully biobased polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers provide interesting alternatives for petrochemical derived plastic materials. The mechanical properties of some PHAs, including the common poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), are limited, but tunable by addition of other monomers into the polymer chain. In this study we present a precise synthetic biology method to adjust lactate monomer fraction of a polymer by controlling the monomer formation at gene expression level, independent of cultivation conditions.

Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Analysis of 293 Isolated Blowout Fractures - Which Radiological Findings Guide Treatment Decision?

Purpose: Our study purpose was to clarify the extent of isolated unilateral orbital blowout fracture in relation to surgical treatment and other factors behind the treatment decision. The specific aim was to determine which computer-aided measurements based on radiological images associate with treatment choice.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was implemented on patients with an isolated unilateral orbital blowout fracture.

Doing synthetic biology with photosynthetic microorganisms.

The use of photosynthetic microbes as synthetic biology hosts for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals and even fuels has received increasing attention over the last decade. The number of studies published, tools implemented, and resources made available for microalgae have increased beyond expectations during the last few years. However, the tools available for genetic engineering in these organisms still lag those available for the more commonly used heterotrophic host organisms.

Production of D-lactic acid containing polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) provide biodegradable and bio-based alternatives to conventional plastics. Incorporation of 2-hydroxy acid monomers into polymer, in addition to 3-hydroxy acids, offers possibility to tailor the polymer properties. In this study, poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and copolymer P(LA-3HB) were produced and characterized for the first time in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for anthranilate and methyl anthranilate production.

Background: Anthranilate is a platform chemical used by the industry in the synthesis of a broad range of high-value products, such as dyes, perfumes and pharmaceutical compounds. Currently anthranilate is produced via chemical synthesis from non-renewable resources. Biological synthesis would allow the use of renewable carbon sources and avoid accumulation of toxic by-products.

Paediatric mandibular fracture-a diagnostic challenge?

The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency of missed mandibular fractures and to identify possible predictive factors for missed diagnosis. This was a retrospective study that included patients <20 years of age with a recent mandibular fracture. The outcome variable was missed mandibular fracture, which was determined when a fracture was not suspected or diagnosed during the patient's first assessment in primary healthcare.

Zygomatico-Orbital Fracture-Dislocation in Surgical Treatment: Novel 3-Dimensional Software Automated Analysis.

Purpose: The human capability to detect the degree of zygomatico-orbital (ZMO) fracture-dislocation in surgical treatment is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between ZMO fracture-dislocation and injury etiology and treatment.

Materials And Methods: We implemented a retrospective cross-sectional study, enrolled a sample composed of patients with an isolated unilateral ZMO fracture, and analyzed fracture-dislocation from computed tomography images with an automatic algorithm.

Evaluation of synthetic formaldehyde and methanol assimilation pathways in .

Background: Crude glycerol coming from biodiesel production is an attractive carbon source for biological production of chemicals. The major impurity in preparations of crude glycerol is methanol, which is toxic for most microbes. Development of microbes, which would not only tolerate the methanol, but also use it as co-substrate, would increase the feasibility of bioprocesses using crude glycerol as substrate.

Does postoperative orbital volume predict postoperative globe malposition after blow-out fracture reconstruction? A 6-month clinical follow-up study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intraorbital volume change caused by orbital fracture and globe malposition (GMP) in blow-out fracture patients undergoing surgery and to clarify the significance of different radiologically detected predictors associated with GMP.

Patients And Methods: A 6-month prospective follow-up study of unilateral isolated orbital fractures was designed and implemented. The main outcome variable was GMP (present or absent); the secondary outcome was orientation of GMP (horizontal or vertical).

Biotechnological production of glycolic acid and ethylene glycol: current state and perspectives.

Glycolic acid (GA) and ethylene glycol (EG) are versatile two-carbon organic chemicals used in multiple daily applications. GA and EG are currently produced by chemical synthesis, but their biotechnological production from renewable resources has received a substantial interest. Several different metabolic pathways by using genetically modified microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and yeast have been established for their production.

Associated Injuries Are Frequent and Severe Among Geriatric Patients With Zygomatico-Orbital Fractures.

Purpose: Associated injuries (AIs) are hypothesized to be frequent in geriatric zygomatico-orbital (ZMO) fractures. The study aim was to determine the relation between ZMO fractures and AIs in geriatric patients compared with younger adult patients.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective case-and-control study was carried out on geriatric patients at least 65 years of age (n = 93) and younger adult patients 20 to 30 years of age (n = 68) diagnosed with pure unilateral ZMO fractures.

Isolated Orbital Fractures Are Severe Among Geriatric Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the reasons for, types of, and degree of involvement of the orbital wall and the severity of orbital fractures in geriatric patients and to compare the differences between geriatric and younger adult patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case-control study of geriatric patients aged at least 65 years (n = 72) and younger controls aged 20 to 50 years (n = 58) with a diagnosis of a unilateral isolated orbital fracture was designed and implemented. The main exposure was age, the primary outcome was the isolated orbital fracture type, and the secondary outcomes were the associated orbital zones, fracture area (cm), degree of dislocation (mm), involvement of anatomic landmarks, diplopia, altered ocular position, restricted eye movement, and ocular injuries.

Single Cell Protein-State-of-the-Art, Industrial Landscape and Patents 2001-2016.

By 2050, the world would need to produce 1,250 million tonnes of meat and dairy per year to meet global demand for animal-derived protein at current consumption levels. However, growing demand for protein will not be met sustainably by increasing meat and dairy production because of the low efficiency of converting feed to meat and dairy products. New solutions are needed.

Production of ethylene glycol or glycolic acid from D-xylose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The important platform chemicals ethylene glycol and glycolic acid were produced via the oxidative D-xylose pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expression of genes encoding D-xylose dehydrogenase (XylB) and D-xylonate dehydratase (XylD) from Caulobacter crescentus and YagE or YjhH aldolase and aldehyde dehydrogenase AldA from Escherichia coli enabled glycolic acid production from D-xylose up to 150 mg/L. In strains expressing only xylB and xylD, 29 mg/L 2-keto-3-deoxyxylonic acid [(S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-oxopentanoic acid] (2K3DXA) was produced and D-xylonic acid accumulated to ca.