Can mixing Quercus robur and Quercus petraea with Pinus sylvestris compensate for productivity losses due to climate change?

The climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with a representative concentration pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing of 4.

A harmonized database of European forest simulations under climate change.

Process-based forest models combine biological, physical, and chemical process understanding to simulate forest dynamics as an emergent property of the system. As such, they are valuable tools to investigate the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems. Specifically, they allow testing of hypotheses regarding long-term ecosystem dynamics and provide means to assess the impacts of climate scenarios on future forest development.

Quality Assessment of Smartphone Medication Management Apps in France: Systematic Search.

Background: Adherence to medication is estimated to be around 50% for chronically ill patients in high-income countries. Improving the effectiveness of adherence interventions could have a far greater impact on population health than any improvement in specific medical treatments. Mobile health (mHealth) is one of the most effective solutions for helping patients improve their medication intake, notably through the use of mobile apps with reminder systems.

[Pulmonary lipofibroblasts in adults and alveolar regeneration in emphysema].

Lipofibroblasts form a sub-population of fibroblasts located in the mesenchymal alveolar stem cell niche. They show close proximity with alveolar epithelial type 2 cells and play a key role in alveolar development and lung homeostasis. Their role in various diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema is progressively better understood.

Complex urban atmosphere alters alveolar stem cells niche properties and drives lung fibrosis.

There is growing evidence suggesting that urban pollution has adverse effects on lung health. However, how urban pollution affects alveolar mesenchymal and epithelial stem cell niches remains unknown. This study aimed to determine how complex representative urban atmospheres alter alveolar stem cell niche properties.

Resource manipulation through experimental defoliation has legacy effects on allocation to reproductive and vegetative organs in Quercus ilex.

Background And Aims: In plants, high costs of reproduction during some years can induce trade-offs in resource allocation with other functions such as growth, survival and resistance against herbivores or extreme abiotic conditions, but also with subsequent reproduction. Such trade-offs might also occur following resource shortage at particular moments of the reproductive cycle. Because plants are modular organisms, strategies for resource allocation to reproduction can also vary among hierarchical levels.

Resistance training preserves high-intensity interval training induced improvements in skeletal muscle capillarization of healthy old men: a randomized controlled trial.

Skeletal muscle capillarization is a determining factor in gas and metabolite exchange, while its impairments may contribute to the development of sarcopenia. Studies on the potential of resistance training (RT) to induce angiogenesis in older muscles have been inconclusive, and effects of sequential endurance training (ET) and RT on capillarization are unknown. Healthy older men (66.

Satellite cell content in Huntington's disease patients in response to endurance training.

Background: Skeletal muscle wasting is a hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD). However, data on myocellular characteristics and myofiber remodeling in HD patients are scarce. We aimed at gaining insights into myocellular characteristics of HD patients as compared to healthy controls at rest and after a period of increased skeletal muscle turnover.

Greater blood volume and Hb mass in obese women quantified by the carbon monoxide-rebreathing method affects interpretation of iron biomarkers and iron requirements.

Background/objective: Iron deficiency (ID) is common in overweight and obese individuals (OW/OB) but the mechanism is uncertain. Greater blood volume (BV) in OW/OB may increase hemoglobin (Hb) mass and iron requirements, and confound iron biomarkers by hemodilution. Quantification of BV/PV changes in OW/OB is challenging and a formula to estimate BV/PV based on anthropometric indices would be valuable.

Effects of endurance training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in Huntington disease patients.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a pathogenic factor in Huntington disease (HD). Physical exercise leads to enhanced mitochondrial function in healthy participants. However, data on effects of physical exercise on HD skeletal muscle remains scarce.

Robot-assisted assessment of muscle strength.

Impairment of neuromuscular function in neurological disorders leads to reductions in muscle force, which may lower quality of life. Rehabilitation robots that are equipped with sensors are able to quantify the extent of muscle force impairment and to monitor a patient during the process of neurorehabilitation with sensitive and objective assessment methods. In this article, we provide an overview of fundamental aspects of muscle function and how the corresponding variables can be quantified by means of meaningful robotic assessments that are primarily oriented towards upper limb neurorehabilitation.

The effect of body composition and serum inflammatory markers on the functional muscle-bone unit in premenopausal women.

Background/objectives: A number of recent studies dealing with the relationship between the effects of high body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) on bone mass and strength exhibit a range of contrasting variations in their findings. These diverse findings have led to an ongoing controversy as to whether high BM and FM positively or negatively affect bone mass and strength. Excessive FM and the associated low-grade inflammation might overturn the higher mechanical stimulus arising from a higher BM.

T/T homozygosity of the tenascin-C gene polymorphism rs2104772 negatively influences exercise-induced angiogenesis.

Background: Mechanical stress, including blood pressure related factors, up-regulate expression of the pro-angiogenic extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that increased capillarization of skeletal muscle with the repeated augmentation in perfusion during endurance training is associated with blood vessel-related expression of tenascin-C and would be affected by the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2104772, which characterizes the non-synonymous exchange of thymidine (T)-to-adenosine (A) in the amino acid codon 1677 of tenascin-C.

Methods: Sixty-one healthy, untrained, male white participants of Swiss descent performed thirty 30-min bouts of endurance exercise on consecutive weekdays using a cycling ergometer.

Exercise effects in Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms across a wide range of neurological domains, including cognitive and motor dysfunction. There is still no causative treatment for HD but environmental factors such as passive lifestyle may modulate disease onset and progression. In humans, multidisciplinary rehabilitation has a positive impact on cognitive functions.

The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Modifies Exercise-Induced Muscle Metabolism.

Objective: A silencer region (I-allele) within intron 16 of the gene for the regulator of vascular perfusion, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), is implicated in phenotypic variation of aerobic fitness and the development of type II diabetes. We hypothesised that the reportedly lower aerobic performance in non-carriers compared to carriers of the ACE I-allele, i.e.

One bout of vibration exercise with vascular occlusion activates satellite cells.

What is the central question of this study? Acute skeletal muscle satellite cell (SC) activation is associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Although the quantity of SCs has been reported to increase following a single bout of resistance exercise, data on muscle fibre type-specific SC quantity and/or activation status after a single bout of vibration is presently lacking. What is the main finding and its importance? By determining SCs from muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis using immunohistochemistry, we conclude that modification of vibration exercise by superimposition of occlusion induced activation and differentiation of SCs in young men, which had not been observed with whole-body vibration or blood flow restriction alone.

Reliability of parameters during stair ascent measured with Leonardo Mechanograph(®) Stair A in healthy subjects.

Objectives: Stair climbing (SC) as daily activity is assessed with different SC-tests, but none directly measures ground reaction force over several steps. The Leonardo Mechanograph Stair A has five steps and four force sensors. This study aimed at investigating the reliability of the Stair A test for force, power and time to SC.

Long-Term Endurance Exercise in Humans Stimulates Cell Fusion of Myoblasts along with Fusogenic Endogenous Retroviral Genes In Vivo.

Myogenesis is defined as growth, differentiation and repair of muscles where cell fusion of myoblasts to multinucleated myofibers is one major characteristic. Other cell fusion events in humans are found with bone resorbing osteoclasts and placental syncytiotrophoblasts. No unifying gene regulation for natural cell fusions has been found.

Reduced Bone Strength and Muscle Force in Women 27 Years After Anorexia Nervosa.

Context: A substantial body of research findings indicate that muscle mass and bone mass are reduced in populations of anorexic females, even in such populations whose anorexia nervosa had been in remission for longer periods.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the bone of an anorexia nervosa recovery cohort is adapted to maximal muscle forces and whether there are alterations in the structure of the tibia in this population, as compared with a control group.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a cross-sectional study of 22 women in Switzerland who have remained in stable recovery from anorexia nervosa for an average of 27 years.

Alterations in bone mineral density and lower extremity lean mass after hip arthroscopy in a professional female Ironman triathlete: a case study.

Introduction: Femoroacetabular impingement is a pathomechanical condition of the hip, which is often treated through arthroscopic techniques. The ensuing immobilization period is associated with decreases in muscle mass and bone mass. To date, minimal knowledge is present about the development of tissue mass during the considerably short rehabilitation period before returning to competition in elite endurance athletes.

High-intensity interval training with vibration as rest intervals attenuates fiber atrophy and prevents decreases in anaerobic performance.

Unlabelled: Aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIT) improves cardiovascular capacity but may reduce the finite work capacity above critical power (W') and lead to atrophy of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-2 fibers. Since whole-body vibration may enhance indices of anaerobic performance, we examined whether side-alternating whole-body vibration as a replacement for the active rest intervals during a 4 x 4 min HIT prevents decreases in anaerobic performance and capacity without compromising gains in aerobic function. Thirty-three young recreationally active men were randomly assigned to conduct either conventional 4 x 4 min HIT, HIT with 3 min of WBV at 18 Hz (HIT+VIB18) or 30 Hz (HIT+VIB30) in lieu of conventional rest intervals, or WBV at 30 Hz (VIB30).

The muscle-bone interaction in Turner syndrome.

Objectives: Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with an increased fracture rate due to reduced bone strength, which is mainly determined by skeletal muscle force. This study aimed to assess the muscle force-bone strength relationship in TS and to compare it with that of healthy controls.

Methods: This study included 39 girls with TS and 67 healthy control girls.