Clinical features of anterior blepharitis after cataract surgery.

We evaluated the clinical features of postoperative anterior blepharitis following cataract surgery and the efficacy of topical azithromycin retrospectively. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with a clinical diagnosis of anterior blepharitis by 6 months postoperatively among those who underwent cataract surgery at our institution between November 2020 and June 2022 were included. The diagnosis of anterior blepharitis and the assessment of objective and subjective findings were based on the American Academy of Ophthalmology Blepharitis Preferred Practice Pattern.

Long-term outcomes of transsclerally sutured intraocular lens correctly fixed in the ciliary sulcus.

Objective: To report the long-term postoperative outcomes of transsclerally sutured intraocular lenses (IOLs), in which the haptics were correctly fixated into the ciliary sulcus using an auxiliary device and endoscope.

Methods And Analysis: Data were collected from eyes that were followed up for at least 12 months after ciliary sulcus suture fixation of an IOL using an auxiliary device for securely placing the IOL haptics to the ciliary sulcus, which was confirmed using intraoperative endoscopy in all cases. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive error, anterior chamber depth (ACD), IOL decentration and tilt, corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) and postoperative complications were recorded.

A rare case of corneal keloid occurred 30 years after pterygium surgery and 3 years after cataract surgery.

Purpose: We report a case of corneal keloid occurring 30 years after pterygium surgery and 3 years after cataract surgery.

Observations: The case of a 72-year-old man was referred because of blurred vision and corneal opacity in the right eye. Pterygium surgery had been performed on the right eye 30 years earlier, and bilateral cataract surgery had been done uneventfully via a temporal corneal incision 3 years ago.

Autologous transplantation of conjunctiva by modifying simple limbal epithelial transplantation for limbal stem cell deficiency.

Purpose: As a treatment to replace regenerative medicine to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), we performed 4 consecutive cases of autologous transplantation of conjunctival explants by modifying simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET).

Study Design: Single-center case series.

Methods: Four patients with LSCD were enrolled in this study.

Pro-inflammatory role of NLRP3 inflammasome in experimental sterile corneal inflammation.

We evaluated the role of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in sterile corneal inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or alkali burns in C57BL6 mice or NLRP3 KO (Nlrp3) mice. Various molecules related to the NLRP3 inflammasome were upregulated in C57BL6 mice after both alkali burn injury and LPS treatment. After alkali burn injury, the corneal opacity grade was significantly reduced in Nlrp3 mice compared with C57BL6 mice.

Ocular Surface Reconstruction with the Autologous Conjunctival Epithelium and Establishment of a Feeder-Free and Serum-Free Culture System.

Transplantation of the autologous cultured corneal limbal epithelium and oral mucosal epithelium is a standard technique for ocular surface reconstruction under corneal limbal stem cell deficiency. As an option for bilateral cases, we recommend utilization of autologous conjunctivae for ocular surface reconstruction. Autologous conjunctival epithelium sheet transplantation was effective for bilateral corneal limbal stem cell deficiency without symblepharon or severe keratinization.

Implications of Inflammasomes in Human Diseases: NLRP3 Inflammasome and Animal Models.

Danger-associated molecular patterns, such as nuclear or cytosolic proteins released outside the cell or exposed on the cell surface after tissue injury, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and nucleic acid, stimulate the formation of a large protein complex called the inflammasome. The inflammasome is a cytosolic complex of 3 proteins that cleaves and releases interleukin-1β. Recent studies have characterized a multitude of inflammasome ligands of both endogenous and exogenous origins.

A case of apolipoprotein A-I deficiency due to carboxyl-terminal truncation.

Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency is a rare metabolic disease characterized by an impaired reverse cholesterol transport system resulting in excessive cholesterol accumulation. Here, we discuss a case of apolipoprotein A-I deficiency caused by a carboxyl-terminal truncation mutation p.His186ProfsX46 in APOA1, which might result in increased catabolism of the mutant protein.

[The Japan Cornea Society Survey of the Current Status of Corneal and Conjunctival Disorders Due to Systemic Antitumor Drugs].

Purpose: To investigate the current status of corneal and conjunctival disorders due to antitumor drugs in Japan. Methods: Questionnaires on corneal and conjunctival disorders due to antitumor drugs were sent to members of the Japan Cornea Society, and data on patients' background, clinical findings, treatment and prognosis of cases between January 2009 and December 2011 were collected and analyzed. Results: Out of all 221 cases from 66 facilities, TS-1Ⓡ had been administered in 210 cases (95.

Morphological changes in the meibomian glands of patients with phlyctenular keratitis: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Phlyctenular keratitis is a hypersensitivity reaction of the cornea, and a complication of eyelid margin disease in children and young adults. In this study, we compared the morphology of the meibomian glands in eyelids between phlyctenular keratitis patients and healthy young adults, using noncontact meibography.

Methods: The study included 16 eyes of 13 patients diagnosed with phlyctenular keratitis and 17 eyes of 17 healthy volunteers.

A diagnostic method for herpes simplex keratitis by simultaneous measurement of viral DNA and virus-specific secretory IgA in tears: an evaluation.

Purpose: We performed simultaneous measurement of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and of HSV-specific secretory IgA antibody (HSV-sIgA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in tears obtained using Schirmer strips in order to investigate its diagnostic efficacy for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK).

Methods: A total of 59 affected eyes from 59 patients with clinically suspected HSK (HSK group) and 23 eyes from 23 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled in this study. The HSK group was divided into five subgroups: dendritic/geographic keratitis, disciform keratitis, necrotizing keratitis, atypical keratitis, and others.

Anti-inflammatory effect of topical administration of tofacitinib on corneal inflammation.

We evaluated an anti-inflammatory effect of topical administration of tofacitinib, janus kinase (JAK) blocker, on corneal inflammation. Topical instillation of either tofacitinib or PBS was applied after wounding BALB/c mice corneas with alkali burn. Topical instillation was performed until day 14 after injury and injured eye was analyzed.

Potential Application of Biological Products for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Inflammation.

Various biological products have been introduced for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The injection of tocilizumab [anti-interleukin (IL)-6R antibody] and a tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein (TNFR-Fc) has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We investigated the effect of the anti-IL-6R antibody and TNFR-Fc on corneal inflammation.

Involvement of Chemokines and a CD4-Positive T Cell Subset in the Development of Conjunctival Secondary Lymphoid Follicles in an Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis Mouse Model.

Background: Massive B cell lymphoid hyperplasia and its associated factors may play a role in exacerbating inflammation in allergic disorders. We here investigated the chemokines and CD4-positive T cell subset involved in the development of secondary lymphoid follicles (iCALT) in conjunctival tissues in an atopic keratoconjunctivitis mouse model (AKC mouse).

Methods: NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups: AKC (percutaneous sensitization and instillation of crude house dust mite antigen), AD (percutaneous sensitization only) and C (untreated control).

Increased Tear Fluid Production as a Compensatory Response to Meibomian Gland Loss: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose: To compare tear film parameters as well as meibomian gland morphologic features and function among patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), those with non-Sjögren syndrome aqueous-deficient dry eye (non-SS ADDE), those with non-SS ADDE and MGD, and normal subjects.

Design: Multicenter, cross-sectional, observational case series.

Participants: Forty-one eyes of 41 patients (all women; mean age ± standard deviation, 62.

Granular corneal dystrophy type 2 is associated with morphological abnormalities of meibomian glands.

Aims: To investigate morphological changes in meibomian glands in patients with granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) using non-invasive meibography.

Methods: Eleven patients (3 men and 8 women) with GCD2, and sex-matched and age-matched healthy volunteers as a controls were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of GCD2 was confirmed by transforming growth factor β-induced (TGFBI) gene analysis using direct sequencing in exon 4 of TGFBI gene.

Simultaneous study of matrix metalloproteinases, proinflammatory cytokines, and soluble cytokine receptors in the tears of noninfectious corneal ulcer patients.

Background: We investigated the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and soluble cytokine receptors in the tear fluid of patients with noninfectious corneal ulcers in the peripheral cornea.

Methods: The subjects were 20 eyes of 17 patients with peripheral noninfectious corneal ulcers and 20 eyes of 20 volunteers. Tear samples were taken by the Schirmer test I method and the presence of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-13) and TIMPs (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4) were investigated using an MMP antibody array system.

Significance of ectodomain shedding of TNF receptor 1 in ocular surface.

Purpose: We evaluated an anti-inflammatory effect of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) ectodomain shedding in ocular surface.

Methods: Human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) was first pretreated by TNF-α. Ectodomain shedding was stimulated by uridine triphosphate (UTP) or peptidoglycan (PGN), with or without shedding inhibition using TNF-α processing inhibitor (TAPI).

Metalloproteinases in corneal diseases: degradation and processing.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases with the potential to degrade all types of extracellular matrix. The ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family of peptidases was recently identified as cleaving the extracellular domain of transmembrane proteins. This was termed ectodomain shedding.

Anti-inflammatory effect of IL-6 receptor blockade in corneal alkali burn.

We investigated the effect of soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) blockade on corneal inflammation. Topical instillation of either anti-IL-6R antibody (MR16-1) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was applied after wounding BALB/c mice corneas with alkali burn. The vascularized area was significantly reduced in the MR16-1 group.

MT1-MMP cleavage of the antiangiogenic proteoglycan decorin: role in corneal angiogenesis.

Purpose: Decorin is a small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that inhibits vascular endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been shown to be an important angiogenic enzyme in the cornea. We evaluated the specific role of MT1-MMP in decorin cleavage in the cornea.

Regulation of soluble interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor release from corneal epithelial cells and its role in the ocular surface.

Purpose: Interleukin (IL)-6 signaling through its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) (IL-6 trans-signaling) plays an important role in various inflammatory states. We investigated production of sIL-6R in the corneal epithelium and examined the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in the cornea.

Methods: In-vitro experiments were performed using SV40-transformed human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and primary human corneal fibroblasts (HCF, keratocytes).

[Case of Fisher syndrome with ocular flutter].

We report a case of Fisher syndrome accompanied by ocular flutter. A 19-year-old man presented with diplopia and vertigo, associated with preceding symptoms of common cold. Since symmetric weakness of abduction in both eyes, truncal ataxia, diminution of tendon reflexes, and gaze nystagmus were noted, he was diagnosed as having Fisher syndrome.