Icing interventions on the injured skeletal muscle affect the macrophage-related regenerative events and muscle repair. However, despite its importance for the practice in sport medicine, the influence of different icing protocols on muscle regeneration remains unclear. Here, using a rodent model of mild muscle injury with necrosis in a small fraction of myofibers, the injured animals were allocated to four groups: non-icing control (Con) and a single treatment (Ice-1), three treatments (Ice-3), or nine treatments (Ice-9) with a 30-min icing each time within two days following injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
April 2023
Growing evidence from animal experiments suggests that icing after skeletal muscle injury is harmful to muscle regeneration. However, these previous experimental models yielded massive necrotic myofibers, whereas muscle injury with necrosis in a small myofiber fraction (<10%) frequently occurs in human sports activities. Although macrophages play a proreparative role during muscle regeneration, they exert a cytotoxic effect on muscle cells through an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFollowing skeletal muscle injury, both myogenic and immune cells interact closely during the regenerative process. Although icing is still a common acute treatment for sports-related skeletal muscle injuries, icing after muscle injury has been shown to disrupt macrophage accumulation and impair muscle regeneration in animal models. However, it remains unknown whether icing shortly after injury affects macrophage-related phenomena during the early stages of muscle regeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn humans, the soleus is more developed compared to other primates and has a unique architecture composed of anterior bipennate and posterior unipennate parts, which are innervated by different nerve branches. The anterior part of the human soleus was proposed to be important for bipedalism, however, the phylogenetic process resulting in its acquisition remains unclear. Providing insights into this process, the anterior part of the soleus was suggested to be closely related to the plantaris based on the branching pattern of their nerve fascicles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIcing is still one of the most common treatments to acute skeletal muscle damage in sports medicine. However, previous studies using rodents reported the detrimental effect of icing on muscle regeneration following injury. This study aimed to elucidate the critical factors governing the impairment of muscle regeneration by icing with a murine model of eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage by electrical stimulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ulnar tunnel (Guyon's canal) is an osseofibrous tunnel for the ulnar nerve and artery. With regard to the proximal palmar wall (palmar carpal ligament) of the ulnar tunnel, detailed anatomical data such as attachment sites, fibrous continuity to surroundings, and variations have not been clearly described. In this study, topology of Guyon's canal was examined, especially to the palmar side of the ulnar nerve, focusing on the continuity of tendinous structures to reveal a more detailed constitution of Guyon's canal.
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