Publications by authors named "Toh Song Tar"

Purpose: Conventional obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis via polysomnography can be costly and inaccessible. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled the use of craniofacial photographs to diagnose OSA. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the diagnostic accuracy of this innovative approach.

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Background: Published studies have suggested a link between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sleep disorders, although the exact nature of this association has not been uniformly described. Clarifying this relationship may facilitate evidence-based interventions that address the interplay between these disease entities. Such interventions could prevent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) from worsening CKD and improve the quality of life for CKD patients by reducing the risk of developing OSA.

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Purpose: The effect of various sleep traits on the risk of lung cancer differs among pre-existing studies. This study aims to systematically review and synthesise the association between sleep duration and insomnia with the incidence of lung cancer.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 23 April 2023 for observational studies examining the effect of sleep quantity or insomnia on lung cancer incidence.

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Background And Hypothesis: Published literature suggests that sleep duration and quality may be affected in adults with chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between these two entities remains a matter of debate. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of sleep duration and quality on chronic kidney disease.

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Obstructive sleep apnea has been linked to an increased risk of pneumonia, possibly due to higher rates of nighttime aspirations. Few studies have directly investigated such aspirations in individuals with sleep apnea. This retrospective study included 142 adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent drug-induced sedation endoscopy between 2017 and 2020.

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Background And Objective: While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and urological cancer are both strongly associated with hypoxia, controversy exists regarding their association with each other. This study aims to summarize and synthesize evidence to clarify the association between OSA and urological cancer incidence and mortality.

Methods: According to a prespecified protocol, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from inception to November 16, 2023, for observational and randomized studies reporting the association of OSA with urological cancer incidence or mortality.

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Objective: To assess whether adenotonsillectomy improves levels of inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers in children with polysomnographically diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Data Sources: Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to August 16, 2022, for studies relating to pre- and post-operative levels of serum markers in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Review Methods: Data were extracted from included articles into a structured proforma.

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Purpose: To assess the effect of simethicone, a defoaming agent, on improving visibility during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: The study was a retrospective case-series study on patients with OSA who failed positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment. Patient parameters were recorded including age, BMI, neck and abdominal circumference, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by the aggregation of extracellular amyloid-beta and intracellular hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with increased AD risk. We hypothesize that OSA is associated with higher levels of AD biomarkers.

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Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a serious but underdiagnosed condition. Demand for the gold standard diagnostic polysomnogram (PSG) far exceeds its availability. More efficient diagnostic methods are needed, even in tertiary settings.

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Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been thought to be associated with glaucoma, however there are many conflicting studies on this topic. With many new studies having been published since the previous meta-analysis, we believe it is important to clarify this association. Hence, in this study we meta-analyse the recent literature regarding the association between OSA and glaucoma.

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Background: Emerging evidence has shown higher overall cancer incidence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colorectal cancers account for 26% of incident cancers. However, the link between gastrointestinal cancers and obstructive sleep apnea is still unclear.

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Article Synopsis
  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is suspected to be linked to floppy eyelid syndrome (FES), but previous research has produced inconclusive results regarding this association.
  • This study systematically reviewed data from four medical databases and conducted a meta-analysis on observational studies to determine the relationship between OSA and FES, finding that more severe OSA significantly increases the risk of developing FES.
  • The analysis concluded that severe OSA correlates with the highest risk of FES, and further longitudinal studies are necessary for a more definitive understanding of this relationship.
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Objective: Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery is considered a highly successful treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Various modifications to the technique have been described. We aim to study the long-term results in Asian patients who underwent a modified MMA procedure intended to avoid bimaxillary protrusion and which involved four-quadrant bicuspid extractions with posterior maxillary alveolar setback.

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Transoral robotic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical technique that recently debuted in Malaysia. However, there are concerns over its cost, practicality, and feasibility in local settings. Our study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of transoral robotic surgery and discuss its learning curves.

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Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a rise in serum inflammatory markers, which may be attenuated by sleep surgery.

Objective: To evaluate whether sleep surgery was associated with improved levels of proinflammatory markers in adults with OSA.

Data Sources: Two authors independently searched Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases from inception through June 14, 2022.

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Objective: To clarify in patients with covid-19 the recovery rate of smell and taste, proportion with persistent dysfunction of smell and taste, and prognostic factors associated with recovery of smell and taste.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and medRxiv from inception to 3 October 2021.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, evidence supporting this association in the Asian population is scarce. Given the differences in the epidemiology of CVD and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as differences in the availability of healthcare resources between Asian and Western countries, an Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC) working group developed consensus recommendations on the management of OSA in patients with CVD in the Asia-Pacific region.

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Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a postulated carcinogen based on epidemiological associations with all-cancer incidence and non-thyroid biological models. However, associations with thyroid carcinoma are unclear.

Methods: We included observational/randomized studies of associations of OSA with thyroid carcinoma incidence/mortality in adults, from four databases.

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Purpose: Emerging evidence from animal models suggests that intermittent hypoxia due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for breast cancer. Despite their biological plausibility, human epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to delineate this relationship.

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