Australian preferences for influenza vaccine attributes and cost: A discrete choice experiment.

People in Australia have access to different influenza vaccines, but may be unaware of their options and features. Preference studies for differentiated influenza vaccines including cell-based vaccines are limited, particularly in Australia. This study investigated which influenza vaccine attributes people in Australia value using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Evaluation of unplanned reattendances to the pediatric emergency department - a five-year study.

Background: Unplanned reattendances (UR) are an important quality indicator in the emergency department (ED). Understanding the risk factors associated with UR can aid clinicians in optimizing the allocation of time and resources, as well as targeted counselling for this specific group of patients. In this study, we aimed to compare patient characteristics between children who attended a pediatric emergency department (ED) with unplanned reattendances (UR) and those without UR.

Polycomb group proteins confer robustness to aposematic coloration in the milkweed bug, .

Aposematic coloration offers an opportunity to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying canalization. In this study, the role of epigenetic regulation underlying robustness was explored in the aposematic coloration of the milkweed bug, () and (), which encode components of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, respectively, and , which encodes a component of the PRC2.2 subcomplex, were knocked down in the fourth instar of .

Advancing insights into microgravity induced muscle changes using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism.

Spaceflight presents significant challenges to the physiological state of living organisms. This can be due to the microgravity environment experienced during long-term space missions, resulting in alterations in muscle structure and function, such as atrophy. However, a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of biological systems is required to devise potential solutions and therapeutic approaches for adapting to spaceflight conditions.

Treatment preferences among Japanese patients and physicians for epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Evidence is limited on preferences of Japanese patients and physicians in treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several oral or intravenous novel agents for EGFR exon 20 insertions are under development. The aim of our study was to investigate which attributes of novel treatments influenced selection of oral or intravenous agents among treated patients and treating physicians in Japan.

Temporal trends and patterns in initial opioid prescriptions after hospital discharge following colectomy in England over 10 years.

Background: While opioid analgesics are often necessary for the management of acute postoperative pain, appropriate prescribing practices are crucial to avoid harm. The aim was to investigate the changes in the proportion of people receiving initial opioid prescriptions after hospital discharge following colectomy, and describe trends and patterns in prescription characteristics.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Abnormal uterine bleeding due to uterine arteriovenous malformation in an early adolescent with intrauterine contraceptive device in situ.

We report a case of uterine arteriovenous malformation in an early adolescent who presented with heavy vaginal bleeding 2 months after termination of pregnancy with copper intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion. The patient was admitted and had medical treatment, including blood transfusion and subsequently transcatheter embolisation of the arteriovenous malformation to control her bleeding. The IUCD was left in situ.

Spaceflight Induces Strength Decline in .

Understanding and countering the well-established negative health consequences of spaceflight remains a primary challenge preventing safe deep space exploration. Targeted/personalized therapeutics are at the forefront of space medicine strategies, and cross-species molecular signatures now define the 'typical' spaceflight response. However, a lack of direct genotype-phenotype associations currently limits the robustness and, therefore, the therapeutic utility of putative mechanisms underpinning pathological changes in flight.

Fostering research in pediatric interventional radiology: needs assessment and suggestions for support.

Background: Due to the rarity of pediatric diseases, collaborative research is the key to maximizing the impact of research studies. A research needs assessment survey was created to support initiatives to foster pediatric interventional radiology research.

Objective: To assess the status of pediatric interventional radiology research, identify perceived barriers, obtain community input on areas of research/education/support, and create metrics for evaluating changes/responses to programmatic initiatives.

Impact of a rapid access chest pain clinic in Singapore to improve evaluation of new-onset chest pain.

Background: Chest pain (CP) accounts for 5% of emergency department (ED) visits, unplanned hospitalisations and costly admissions. Conversely, outpatient evaluation requires multiple hospital visits and longer time to complete testing. Rapid access chest pain clinics (RACPCS) are established in the UK for timely, cost-effective CP assessment.

Predictors of persistent postoperative opioid use following colectomy: a population-based cohort study from England.

This retrospective cohort study on adults undergoing colectomy from 2010 to 2019 used linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink), and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data to determine the prevalence of persistent postoperative opioid use following colectomy, stratified by pre-admission opioid exposure, and identify associated predictors. Based on pre-admission opioid exposure, patients were categorised as opioid-naïve, currently exposed (opioid prescription 0-6 months before admission) and previously exposed (opioid prescription within 7-12 months before admission). Persistent postoperative opioid use was defined as requiring an opioid prescription within 90 days of discharge, along with one or more opioid prescriptions 91-180 days after hospital discharge.

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in intensive care unit patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot case control study.

Background: Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in ICU patients with type 2 diabetes is uncertain. We aimed to perform a pilot study to assess the relationship between empagliflozin therapy and biochemical, and clinical outcomes in such patients.

Denosumab as a Pharmacological Countermeasure Against Osteopenia in Long Duration Spaceflight.

Prolonged exposure to microgravity is associated with a significant reduction in bone density, exposing astronauts to renal calculi in flight and osteoporotic fractures on return to Earth. While physical countermeasures and bisphosphonates may reduce demineralization, additional therapies are needed for future interplanetary missions. This literature review aims to understand the current background pertaining to denosumab (a monoclonal antibody therapy used in osteoporosis) and its potential use for long duration spaceflight.

Thai stakeholders' awareness and perceptions of the patient adverse event reporting system for herbal medicines: a qualitative study.

Background: In Thailand, the consumption of herbal medicines has been increasing. Adverse events (AEs) of herbal medicines have been identified through the spontaneous reporting system. However, the number of patients reporting AEs of herbal medicines remains limited.

Patient Satisfaction and Sensory Attributes of Nasal Spray Treatments of Olopatadine Hydrochloride/Mometasone Furoate Monohydrate and Azelastine Hydrochloride/Fluticasone Propionate for Allergic Rhinitis in Australia - An Observational Real-World Clinical Study.

Purpose: Combination intranasal corticosteroid and antihistamine sprays are a first-line treatment option for allergic rhinitis (AR), of which Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate nasal spray (AZE/FLU; Dymista), and Olopatadine Hydrochloride and Mometasone Furoate Monohydrate nasal spray (OLO/MOM; Ryaltris) are currently registered in Australia. As it is not known how patients value treatment attributes of current combination nasal sprays, this observational, real-world clinical study aimed to understand patients' satisfaction with, and importance of, treatment attributes of OLO/MOM and AZE/FLU using an Anchored Best-Worst Scaling (ABWS) exercise.

Participants And Methods: Four hundred and twenty-six adults in Australia with moderate to severe AR using either OLO/MOM or AZE/FLU completed an online survey incorporating an ABWS with 11 domains: 7 sensory (immediate taste of medication, aftertaste of medication, smell of medication, irritation to your nose, urge to sneeze, dripping out your nose/down your throat, dryness of your nose/throat) and 4 treatment-related (convenience, fast acting, duration of effect, and AR symptom control).

Logic model for opioid safety in chronic non-malignant pain management, an in-depth qualitative study.

Background: Opioids are commonly used for the management of chronic non-malignant pain in Pakistan; but there is a lack of literature around precursors or motivators in the use of opioids.

Aim: The study holistically explored factors contributing towards the unsafe use of opioids and identifies strategies to overcome them.

Method: Exploratory qualitative methods using interviews, focus groups and non-participant observational case studies were used.

Routine omics collection is a golden opportunity for European human research in space and analog environments.

Widespread generation and analysis of omics data have revolutionized molecular medicine on Earth, yet its power to yield new mechanistic insights and improve occupational health during spaceflight is still to be fully realized in humans. Nevertheless, rapid technological advancements and ever-regular spaceflight programs mean that longitudinal, standardized, and cost-effective collection of human space omics data are firmly within reach. Here, we consider the practicality and scientific return of different sampling methods and omic types in the context of human spaceflight.

Glycemic control and blood gas sampling frequency during continuous glucose monitoring in the intensive care unit: A before-and-after study.

Background: Whether subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can safely replace intermittent arterial blood gas glucose analyses in intensive care unit (ICU) patients remains uncertain. We aimed to compare CGM to blood gas glucose values and assess whether CGM use reduces blood gas sampling frequency and glucose variability in ICU patients with type 2 diabetes managed with liberal glucose control.

Methods: We used the FreeStyle Libre CGM in 15 ICU patients and compared their blood glucose metrics with a pre-CGM control population of 105 ICU patients with type 2 diabetes.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged under immune selection.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.

Anti-osteoporosis medication dispensing by clinical commissioning groups in England - an ecological study of variability in practice and of the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Purpose: To investigate whether the rate of Anti-Osteoporosis Medication (AOM) dispensing was related to prevalence of risk factors and hip fracture incidence in the local population.

Methods: The Open Prescribing database was used to analyse dispensed AOM at the level of Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England. Male Healthy Life Expectancy (MHLE), Female Healthy Life Expectancy (FHLE), the prevalence of smoking and active adults, the incidence of hip fracture and of alcohol related hospital admissions, and local dispensing of a comparator drug (atorvastatin) were considered as predictor variables.

Community health literacy outcome measurement practices: A scoping review of recent interventions.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that, while a preference for functional Health Literacy (HL) outcome measurement exists, researchers are converging towards more all-encompassing instruments. While this claim is present in the HL field, minimal research has comprehensively explored the state of community HL measurement practices at the direct and proxy level. The almost exclusive focus on direct, as opposed to proxy, community HL measurement indicates a review of progress is needed.