Self-assembled eumelanin nanoparticles enhance IFN-I activation and cilia-driven intercellular communication to defend against Tulane virus, a human norovirus surrogate.

Norovirus (NoV) infection is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and poses global health threats, with increasing incidence reported in immunocompromised individuals, which is further exacerbated by the globalization of the food industry. Eumelanin has demonstrated its potential in antiviral treatments, but its role in preventing viral infections remains underexplored. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the antiviral properties and potential mechanisms of self-assembled eumelanin nanoparticles (EmNPs) against Tulane virus (TuV), a surrogate with a similar infection mechanism to NoVs.

Multi-modal analysis reveals tumor and immune features distinguishing EBV-positive and EBV-negative post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.

The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can drive tumorigenesis with disrupted host immunity, causing malignancies including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). PTLD can also arise in the absence of EBV, but the biological differences underlying EBV(+) and EBV(-) B cell PTLD and the associated host-EBV-tumor interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we reveal the core differences between EBV(+) and EBV(-) PTLD, characterized by increased expression of genes related to immune processes or DNA interactions, respectively, and the augmented ability of EBV(+) PTLD B cells to modulate the tumor microenvironment through elaboration of monocyte-attracting cytokines/chemokines.

Predictive Factors of Short Inpatient Stay Following Total Knee Replacement.

Introduction: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols adopt a multidisciplinary approach in perioperative care to reduce Length of Stay (LOS). This study aims to identify predictive factors resulting in short-stay following TKR with an ERAS programme.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on a consecutive series of patients who underwent unilateral TKR by a single surgeon in a tertiary institution between August 2019 and December 2021.

Harnessing full-text publications for deep insights into C. elegans and Drosophila biomaps.

In the rapidly expanding domain of scientific research, tracking and synthesizing information from the rapidly increasing volume of publications pose significant challenges. To address this, we introduce a novel high-throughput pipeline that employs ChatGPT to systematically extract and analyze connectivity information from the full-texts and abstracts of 24,237 and 150,538 research publications concerning Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, respectively. This approach has effectively identified 200,219 and 1,194,587 interactions within the C.

A head-to-head comparison of MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA in predicting binding affinities for the CB cannabinoid ligands.

Context: The substantial increase in the number of active and inactive-state CB receptor experimental structures has provided opportunities for CB drug discovery using various structure-based drug design methods, including the popular end-point methods for predicting binding free energies-Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA). In this study, we have therefore evaluated the performance of MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA in calculating binding free energies for CB receptor. Additionally, with both MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA being known for their highly individualized performance, we have evaluated the effects of various simulation parameters including the use of energy minimized structures, choice of solute dielectric constant, inclusion of entropy, and the effects of the five GB models.

Dietary pattern trajectories in early childhood and their associations with patterns of maternal feeding practices in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Background: Maternal feeding practices play a major role in children's dietary intakes. However, there is limited data on the associations between trajectories of dietary patterns (DPs) and patterns of maternal feeding practices during early childhood.

Methods: Using data from a multi-ethnic Asian cohort study, namely the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO), dietary intakes were measured using Food Frequency Questionnaires in children at 18 months, 5 and 7 years of age.

Empowering Portable Age-Related Macular Degeneration Screening: Evaluation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for a Smartphone Fundus Camera.

Objectives: Despite global research on early detection of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), not enough is being done for large-scale screening. Automated analysis of retinal images captured via smartphone presents a potential solution; however, to our knowledge, such an artificial intelligence (AI) system has not been evaluated. The study aimed to assess the performance of an AI algorithm in detecting referable AMD on images captured on a portable fundus camera.

Correlates of lifestyle patterns among children in Singapore aged 10 years: the growing up in Singapore towards healthy outcomes (GUSTO) study.

Objective: To characterise lifestyle patterns (comprising dietary and movement behaviour aspects) of children in Singapore and examine the correlates of these patterns.

Design: An observational study approach was used. Children recorded their diet and activities over two weekdays and two weekend days on a validated web-based assessment, My E-Diary for Activities and Lifestyle (MEDAL).

Is centralization for rectal cancer surgery necessary?

Rectal cancer surgery is complex and more technically challenging than colonic surgery. Over the last 30 years internationally, there has been a growing impetus for centralizing care to improve outcomes for rectal cancer. Centralizing care may potentially reduce variations of care, increase standardization and compliance with clinical practice guidelines.

An Unusual Case of Lethal -Associated Chronic Fulminant Colitis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

A 70-year-old immunocompetent Lebanese male presented with 3-month history of watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain after recently arriving to Australia from Lebanon. He had a colectomy for an iatrogenic bowel perforation associated with a colonoscopy in Lebanon several months prior. His computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated pancolitis.

Sanitization of hydroponic farming facilities in Singapore: what, why, and how.

Unlabelled: This study performed microbial analysis of nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic systems on three indoor farms in Singapore (the "what"). To justify the necessity of sanitizing hydroponic systems, strong biofilm-forming bacteria were isolated from the facility and investigated for their influence on colonization on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coupons in hydroponic nutrient solutions (the "why"). Finally, sanitization solutions were evaluated with both laboratory-scale and field-scale tests (the "how").

Characterising plasmacytoid and myeloid AXL+ SIGLEC-6+ dendritic cell functions and their interactions with HIV.

AXL+ Siglec-6+ dendritic cells (ASDC) are novel myeloid DCs which can be subdivided into CD11c+ and CD123+ expressing subsets. We showed for the first time that these two ASDC subsets are present in inflamed human anogenital tissues where HIV transmission occurs. Their presence in inflamed tissues was supported by single cell RNA analysis of public databases of such tissues including psoriasis diseased skin and colorectal cancer.

Fibrinogen binding to histones in circulation protects against adverse cellular and clinical outcomes.

Background: Circulating histones are released by extensive tissue injury or cell death and play important pathogenic roles in critical illnesses. Their interaction with circulating plasma components and the potential roles in the clinical setting are not fully understood.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize the interaction of histones with fibrinogen and explore its roles in vitro, in vivo, and in patient samples.

Maternal and Infant Dietary Patterns Are Not Related to Food Allergy Risk in Singapore Children: GUSTO Cohort Study.

Background: We previously reported that delayed allergenic food introduction in infancy did not increase food allergy risk until age 4 y within our prospective cohort. However, it remains unclear whether other aspects of maternal or infant diet play roles in the development of childhood food allergy.

Objectives: We examined the relationship between maternal pregnancy and infant dietary patterns and the development of food allergies until age 8 y.

The effects of acute social ostracism on subsequent snacking behavior and future body mass index in children.

Background/objectives: Ostracism may lead to increased food intake, yet it is unclear whether greater reactivity to ostracism contributes to higher body mass index (BMI). We investigated whether children who exhibited greater stress to social exclusion subsequently consume more energy and whether this predicts BMI 6- and 18-months later.

Subjects/methods: Children (8.

Systems immunology of transcriptional responses to viral infection identifies conserved antiviral pathways across macaques and humans.

Viral pandemics and epidemics pose a significant global threat. While macaque models of viral disease are routinely used, it remains unclear how conserved antiviral responses are between macaques and humans. Therefore, we conducted a cross-species analysis of transcriptomic data from over 6,088 blood samples from macaques and humans infected with one of 31 viruses.

Trajectories of lifestyle patterns from 2 to 8 years of age and cardiometabolic risk in children: the GUSTO study.

Background: Tracking combinations of lifestyle behaviours during childhood ("lifestyle pattern trajectories") can identify subgroups of children that might benefit from lifestyle interventions aiming to improve health outcomes later in life. However, studies on the critical transition period from early to middle childhood are limited. We aimed to describe lifestyle patterns trajectories in children from 2 to 8 years of age and evaluated their associations with cardiometabolic risk markers at age 8 years in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.

Endoscopic and trans-anal local excision vs. radical resection in the treatment of early rectal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: The management of early-stage rectal cancer in clinical practice is controversial. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to compare oncological and postoperative outcomes for T1T2N0M0 rectal cancers managed with local excision in comparison to conventional radical resection.

Methods: A systematic review of Medline, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases was performed.

Formaldehyde regulates -adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism.

One-carbon metabolism is an essential branch of cellular metabolism that intersects with epigenetic regulation. In this work, we show how formaldehyde (FA), a one-carbon unit derived from both endogenous sources and environmental exposure, regulates one-carbon metabolism by inhibiting the biosynthesis of -adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major methyl donor in cells. FA reacts with privileged, hyperreactive cysteine sites in the proteome, including Cys120 in S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 (MAT1A).

Cross-sectional and prospective associations between children's 24-h time use and their health-related quality of life: a compositional isotemporal substitution approach.

Background: Promoting active, balanced lifestyles among children may be an important approach to optimising their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, the relationships between children's movement behaviours and HRQoL remain unclear.

Methods: We examined the associations between movement behaviours (sleep, inactivity, light and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity) assessed using accelerometers at ages 8 and 10 years and self-reported HRQoL scores (overall, and physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, relationship with family and friends, and school functioning domains) at age 10 years among 370 children in a local birth cohort using compositional isotemporal substitution techniques.