Metformin use in pregnancy: What about long-term effects in offspring?

Metformin use in pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Unlike insulin, metformin crosses the placenta. Consequently, maternal and fetal concentrations are comparable.

Glycated albumin and continuous glucose monitoring metrics across pregnancy in women with pre-gestational diabetes.

Introduction: Glycated albumin (GA), a biomarker reflecting short-term glycaemia, may be useful to assess glycaemic control in pregnancy. We examined the association between GA and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics across gestation.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study including 40 women with pre-gestational diabetes, blood samples for analysis of GA and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected at pregnancy week 12, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36.

Oral health history in children referred to a child advocacy center in Norway.

Background: Some suspected child victims of physical or sexual abuse undergo dental forensic examinations at child advocacy centers (CACs) in Norway. Their oral health history has not previously been studied.

Objective: This study aimed to compare oral health history of CAC children to matched children.

Population genomics of the basket cockle in the southern Salish Sea: Assessing genetic risks of stock enhancement for a culturally important marine bivalve.

Coastal Indigenous communities that rely on subsistence harvests are uniquely vulnerable to declines in nearshore species. The basket cockle is among the favored foods of Indigenous people along the northwest Pacific coast of North America, yet localized declines in their abundance have led to interest in stock enhancement efforts. We used a population genomics approach to examine potential risks associated with stock enhancement of in the southern Salish Sea, a large inland estuary that includes Puget Sound.

Glycated albumin in pregnancy: LC-MS/MS-based reference interval in healthy, nulliparous Scandinavian women and its diagnostic accuracy in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Glycated albumin (GA) may be a useful biomarker of glycemia in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to establish the reference interval (RI) for GA, analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in healthy, nulliparous pregnant women. In addition, we assessed the accuracy of GA and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Gestational diabetes mellitus follow-up in Norwegian primary health care: a qualitative study.

Background: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a tenfold increased risk of developing diabetes, and a high risk of recurrent GDM. Endorsing the life-course approach, aiming to prevent disease and promote health across generations, the Norwegian GDM guideline recommends follow-up in primary care after delivery, with information on the increased risks, lifestyle counselling, and annual diabetes screening. Few reports exist on Norwegian women's experiences of GDM follow-up.

A unique urinary metabolomic signature for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Our study aimed to identify a urinary metabolite panel for the detection/diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC continues to have poor survival outcomes. One of the major reasons for poor prognosis is the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis.

History Matters: Racialized Motherhoods and Neoliberalism.

Neoliberal political reasoning is remaking the state's democratic character and its governing rules to reflect those of the market. The most prominent legislative example, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, dictates work requirements, time limits, and monitoring and sanctioning of clients. Through such policies, the primary aims of government assistance changed from aiding needy citizens to transforming individuals into paid workers, regardless of continued poverty or care obligations.

Continuous electrocardiography for detecting atrial fibrillation beyond 1 year after stroke in primary care.

Background And Purpose: The diagnostic benefit of using continuous ECG (cECG) for poststroke atrial fibrillation (AF) screening in a primary care setting is unclear. We aimed to assess the diagnostic yield from screening patients who previously had a stroke with a 7-day Holter monitor.

Methods: Patients older than 49 years, naive to AF, with an ischaemic stroke over 1 year before enrolment were included.

Quantifying the effectiveness of shoreline armoring removal on coastal biota of Puget Sound.

Shoreline armoring is prevalent around the world with unprecedented human population growth and urbanization along coastal habitats. Armoring structures, such as riprap and bulkheads, that are built to prevent beach erosion and protect coastal infrastructure from storms and flooding can cause deterioration of habitats for migratory fish species, disrupt aquatic-terrestrial connectivity, and reduce overall coastal ecosystem health. Relative to armored shorelines, natural shorelines retain valuable habitats for macroinvertebrates and other coastal biota.

Impact of multiple stressors on juvenile fish in estuaries of the northeast Pacific.

A key step in identifying global change impacts on species and ecosystems is to quantify effects of multiple stressors. To date, the science of global change has been dominated by regional field studies, experimental manipulation, meta-analyses, conceptual models, reviews, and studies focusing on a single stressor or species over broad spatial and temporal scales. Here, we provide one of the first studies for coastal systems examining multiple stressor effects across broad scales, focused on the nursery function of 20 estuaries spanning 1,600 km of coastline, 25 years of monitoring, and seven fish and invertebrate species along the northeast Pacific coast.

Imaging modalities in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy.

Background: Pancreatic cancer, primarily pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), accounts for 2.4% of cancer diagnoses and 5.8% of cancer death annually.

Evaluating the role of coastal habitats and sea-level rise in hurricane risk mitigation: An ecological economic assessment method and application to a business decision.

Businesses may be missing opportunities to account for ecosystem services in their decisions, because they do not have methods to quantify and value ecosystem services. We developed a method to quantify and value coastal protection and other ecosystem services in the context of a cost-benefit analysis of hurricane risk mitigation options for a business. We first analyze linked biophysical and economic models to examine the potential protection provided by marshes.

Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature.

Recent calls for ocean planning envision informed management of social and ecological systems to sustain delivery of ecosystem services to people. However, until now, no coastal and marine planning process has applied an ecosystem-services framework to understand how human activities affect the flow of benefits, to create scenarios, and to design a management plan. We developed models that quantify services provided by corals, mangroves, and seagrasses.

Adding serial N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide measurements to optimal clinical management in outpatients with systolic heart failure: a multicentre randomized clinical trial (NorthStar monitoring study).

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate a new NT-proBNP monitoring concept in outpatients with systolic heart failure (HF).

Methods And Results: This was a multicentre, prospective randomized open-label blinded endpoint study. A total of 407 systolic HF patients were allocated to either clinical management (n = 208) or clinical management + NT-proBNP monitoring (n = 199) and followed for 2.

[Treatment of foreign body impactions in oesophagus].

Foreign body impactions in oesophagus occur frequently. The causes are oesophageal pathology (anatomical, functional or inflammatory diseases). X-ray may be performed to determine the diagnosis or suspected perforation.

The influence of paid work, race-ethnicity, and immigrant status on health care coverage after welfare reform in Hennepin County, Minnesota.

A random sample of 84 past and present Temporary Assistance to Needy Families recipients in Hennepin County, Minnesota, were interviewed regarding their health care coverage and corresponding work histories over a 42-month period. Diverse racial-ethnic and immigrant groups of color were oversampled. A life history calendar technique and supplementary interview questions were utilized.

Catching the right wave: evaluating wave energy resources and potential compatibility with existing marine and coastal uses.

Many hope that ocean waves will be a source for clean, safe, reliable and affordable energy, yet wave energy conversion facilities may affect marine ecosystems through a variety of mechanisms, including competition with other human uses. We developed a decision-support tool to assist siting wave energy facilities, which allows the user to balance the need for profitability of the facilities with the need to minimize conflicts with other ocean uses. Our wave energy model quantifies harvestable wave energy and evaluates the net present value (NPV) of a wave energy facility based on a capital investment analysis.

[Lethal course following overlooked foreign body in the airway].

A 52-year-old previously healthy woman suffered death from choking. Asphyxia after aspiration of a foreign body is a well-known, but frequently overlooked cause of sudden death. We describe a case in which a foreign body in the airway was initially overlooked.

[Clinical guidelines for antithrombotic therapy of patients with atrial fibrillation can be implemented in general practice by means of data capture].

Suboptimal treatment with oral anticoagulation therapy of atrial fibrillation is well-documented. The use of clinical guidelines and databases in general practice can improve adherence to the guidelines stipulated by the Danish Society of Cardiology. However, guidelines should be updated continuously, and in approximately 20% of our patients the application of oral anticoagulation therapy turned out to be problematic, even though they had a high thromboembolic risk score.

Waiting for a pacemaker: is it dangerous?

Aims: To determine waiting period-related morbidity, mortality, and adverse events in acute patients waiting for a permanent pacemaker (PPM).

Methods And Results: A retrospective chart review of all PPM implantations in Region Zealand, Denmark, in 2009 was conducted. Patients were excluded if they were discharged from the hospital during the waiting period or referred from the outpatient department.

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 in pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction: reduced gene expression in decidual tissue and protein expression in extravillous trophoblasts.

Superficial invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and impaired spiral artery remodelling are characterizing phenomena in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). However, the underlying causes remain unclear. In this study, gene expression in decidua basalis tissue from pregnancies complicated with PE and/or FGR (n = 18) and normal pregnancies (n = 17) was assessed by Affymetrix HG Focus microarray to obtain hints of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis.

The political act of public talk: how legislators justified welfare reform.

Prior to the creation of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, federal legislation primarily positioned mothers in the private sphere of parenting and men in the public sphere of work. Welfare reform changed this citizenship construction dramatically, requiring mothers to work but failing to acknowledge their caretaking responsibilities. This article presents a discourse and content analysis of the welfare reform debate that directly referenced citizenship.

[Novel tonsillectomy technique].

Introduction: Coblation (Co) is a relatively new technique, which may offer a better postoperative course after tonsillectomy than traditional techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Co outperforms classic dissection. Coblation uses radiofrequency energy to excite the electrolytes in a saline solution, creating a precisely focused plasma.