Health, social and legal outcomes of individuals with diagnosed or at risk for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Canadian example.

Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of lifelong developmental and physical disabilities and behavioural problems. This study describes the characteristics of individuals diagnosed with or at risk for FASD in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods: A retrospective chart review and cross-sectional analysis were conducted on records of individuals diagnosed or at risk for FASD at the Asante Centre from January 2015 to July 2019.

Location Isn't Everything: Timing of Spawning Aggregations Optimizes Larval Replenishment.

Many species of reef fishes form large spawning aggregations that are highly predictable in space and time. Prior research has suggested that aggregating fish derive fitness benefits not just from mating at high density but, also, from oceanographic features of the spatial locations where aggregations occur. Using a probabilistic biophysical model of larval dispersal coupled to a fine resolution hydrodynamic model of the Florida Straits, we develop a stochastic landscape of larval fitness.

Homozygosity of the polymorphism MICA5.1 identifies extreme risk of progression to overt adrenal insufficiency among 21-hydroxylase antibody-positive patients with type 1 diabetes.

Context: Autoimmunity associated with Addison's disease (AD) can be detected by measuring 21-hydroxylase (21OH) autoantibodies. Subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for AD. Genetic factors including HLA-DRB1*0404 and MICA have been associated with AD in populations with and without T1D.

Activation of human muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase with activity and immobilization.

The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was measured in samples of triceps muscle obtained in 15 males, before and after immobilization for 5 weeks and 5 months of strength training carried out in random order with cross-over of treatment. Although the total PDH activity was unchanged at 300 nmol min-1 g-1, the proportion in the active form increased after strength training (62 +/- 10.1%) and decreased after immobilization (12 +/- 2.

Acute reversal of the enhanced insulin action in trained athletes. Association with insulin receptor changes.

We studied the effect of aerobic training and detraining on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and on erythrocyte insulin receptor binding. Seven endurance-trained athletes were studied at 12 h, 60 h, and 7 days after cessation of training and compared with three untrained, age- and weight-matched controls. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose as measured by the euglycemic clamp technique was 15.

The insulin pump.

Subcutaneous continuous insulin infusion systems deliver insulin at a basal rate designed to keep blood glucose levels normal in the non-fed state. Additional insulin is delivered at meal time. Pumps can provide near optimal control of blood glucose concentrations in selected, highly motivated patients.

Activation by exercise of human skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo.

1. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in its active and inactive forms was measured in biopsy samples obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy subjects before and after exercise. 2.

Effects of menstrual cycle on blood lactate, O2 delivery, and performance during exercise.

The effects of the menstrual cycle on cardiorespiratory variables, blood lactate, and performance were studied in exercising females. Nine healthy subjects, 20--24 yr of age, were investigated in midfollicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle at 33, 66, and 90% of maximum power output (light, heavy, and exhaustive exercise). Occurrence of ovulation was confirmed in all subjects by measurement of progesterone, which increased from 0.

Effect of PH on muscle glycolysis during exercise.

1. Five males were studied on three occasions, after oral administration of CaCO3 (control), NH4Cl (acidosis) and NaHCO3 (alkalosis), in a dose of 0.3 g/kg, taken over a 3 h period at rest.

Fat metabolism in heavy exercise.

1. To investigate differences between the metabolic effects of light and heavy exercise, five healthy males (mean maximal oxygen intake 3.92 litres/min) exercised for 40 min at 36% maximum power (light work) and 70% maximum power (heavy work) on separate days, after an overnight fast.

Purine metabolism during strenuous muscular exercise in man.

This study was designed to examine the influence of exercise on purine metabolism in man. In 15 men, the plasma uric acid concentration increased from 6.9 to 8.

Synthesis of antithrombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin by the perfused rat liver.

Livers isolated from control or turpentine-injected rats were perfused for 3 h with human red cells suspended in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing bovine serum albumin, dextran, glucose, heparin, cortisol, insulin, a mixture of 20 amino acids and [3H]leucine. Changes in the concentrations of antithrombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin were evaluated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis using specific antisera, and incorporation of the 3H radioactivity into the total protein, albumin, antitrhombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin in the perfusate was measured. The results indicate that both antithrombin III and alpha-1-antitrypsin are synthesized in the liver.

Effect of pH on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise.

Five male subjects performed exercise at 33, 66, and 95% of their maximum power output on three occasions in random order. Each study was preceded by a 3-h period in which capsules were taken by mouth, containing either CaCO3 (control, NH4Cl (acidosis), or NaHCO3 (alkalosis) in a dose of 0.3 g/kg body wt; preexercise blood pH was 7.

Growth hormone secretion in acid-base alterations at rest and during exercise.

1. Seven healthy males were studied during cycle ergometer exercise at 33%, 66% and 90% of VO2 max. on three occasions when NH4C1, NaHCO3 or CaCO3 (as a control substance) were administered in gelatin capsules double blind and in randomized order.