Context: The hypothesis of a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) stems largely from the clinical efficacy of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors. Serotonergic abnormalities in the unmedicated symptomatic state, however, remain to be fully characterized.
Objective: To investigate brain regional 5-HT synthesis, as indexed by positron emission tomography and the α-[(11)C]methyl-L-tryptophan trapping constant (K*), in treatment-free adults meeting criteria for OCD.
Few randomized controlled trials have included panic disorder patients with moderate to severe agoraphobia. Therefore, this population was studied using pharmacotherapy as well as psychotherapy. At the time of the study, imipramine was widely used as a pharmacological treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
April 2008
Approximately 30 to 50% of people suffering from Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) also fulfill diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite this high degree of comorbidity, very few studies have addressed the question of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in GTS patients using specific brain event-related potentials (ERP) responses. The aim of the current study was to quantify neurocognitive aspects of comorbidity, using ERPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To compare cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with CBT plus medication; medication alone; and placebo in the treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Method: Forty-eight participants (43 completers) were recruited into two protocols. In the first protocol, 21 people with OCD were randomly allocated to either a standard medication (fluvoxamine) or standard placebo condition for a 5-month period.
Cogn Behav Ther
December 2005
This study evaluated an inference-based approach (IBA) to the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by comparing its efficacy with a treatment based on the cognitive appraisal model (CAM) and exposure and response prevention (ERP). IBA considers initial intrusions in OCD (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA growing literature suggests that the characteristics of sensation seeking and reality distortion expressed in schizophrenia share several mechanisms. In a previous study, the comparison of patients with high vs. low reality distortion using event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in a recognition memory task for unfamiliar faces identified neural and cognitive anomalies specifically related to the expression of these symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies have suggested that qualitatively distinct aspects of dysphoria (anxiety and depression) are related to specific dimension of schizophrenia symptomatology. Most of these studies used simple dimensions and dysphoria models, although finer distinctions could help defining specific relationships. This study examined the relationships of distinctive aspects of depression and anxiety (both state and trait) with symptom dimensions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe current article represents the further validation of the construct of inferential confusion amongst clinical samples. Inferential confusion is proposed to be a meta-cognitive confusion particularly relevant to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) that leads a person to confuse an imagined possibility with an actual probability. As such, it conceptualizes OCD as a form of belief disorder similar to a delusion or overvalued idea that is a product of distorted reasoning processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been demonstrated to be less likely to use spontaneously generated organizational strategies during verbal episodic memory and visuoconstruction tasks. However, whether this organizational deficit is generalizable to other areas of cognitive functioning has not been established. In the present study, we assessed whether adults with OCD are less likely to spontaneously generate organizational strategies during performance of an executive function test, the Self-Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSante Ment Que
December 2004
The acute pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders is barely specific with the exception of the obsessive-compulsive disorder: it responds preferentially to potent serotoninergic antidepressants only. For all other anxiety disorders all antidepressants regardless of their mechanism of action could be equally efficient thanks to their common class effect and are considered to be the pharmacological treatment of first choice. Benzodiazepines that also share a common class effect are recommended as possible and temporary adjuvants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Int Neuropsychol Soc
September 2004
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with frontostriatal abnormality. This has led to the hypothesis that the disorder is characterized by abnormality of procedural memory. However, evidence for either procedural or declarative memory disturbance has been mixed, and few studies have directly assessed both of these forms of memory in the same patient group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the neural and cognitive correlates of reality distortion in schizophrenia by using event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in a recognition memory task for face. This task has been chosen because previous studies have shown that it provides distinct indices related to specific cognitive processes and to the functioning of specific brain regions. ERPs have been recorded in controls and schizophrenia patients separated into high scorers (RD+) and low-scorers (RD-) according to their Reality Distortion score (hallucination and delusion SAPS subscales).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry
August 2001
Available treatments of social phobia reduce anxiety and avoidance of social situations. Social functioning however, remains relatively unaffected. This study piloted a behavioral group treatment that aimed at improving patients' individual difficulties in social functioning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Treatments for social phobia result typically in significant anxiety and avoidance reduction; the repercussions in terms of social functioning, however, are not clear. This controlled study compared two approaches designed to improve the social functioning of social phobics.
Method: Sixty-eight socially phobic patients were randomly assigned to two treatments focused on improving interpersonal relationships either with or without social skills training or a waiting list; 60 completed treatment and 59 a 1-year follow-up.
Can J Psychiatry
April 2000
Objective: To examine the efficacy and tolerability of clomipramine compared with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bearing in mind the recent Expert Consensus Guidelines recommendation to use clomipramine after 2 to 3 failed SSRI trials.
Method: The literature on the pharmacotherapy of OCD was critically examined.
Results: The available research evidence is not conclusive but suggests that clomipramine possesses greater anti-obsessional efficacy than do the SSRIs.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of combining cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) and medication in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Method: Twenty-nine subjects diagnosed with OCD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) criteria were recruited through the Anxiety Clinic of Louis-H Lafontaine Hospital. They were evaluated at baseline and after treatment on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) by a psychiatrist who was blind to treatment modality.
Objective: Study of the concept of perfectionism and its phenomenology, etiology, and treatment.
Methods: Review of the literature, phenomenological, and-clinical analyses.
Results: The International Classification of Diseases introduced the notion of perfectionism into psychiatric discourse in 1977.
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