Slowing Alzheimer's disease progression through probiotic supplementation.

The lack of affordable and effective therapeutics against cognitive impairment has promoted research toward alternative approaches to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In recent years, a bidirectional pathway that allows the gut to communicate with the central nervous system has been recognized as the gut-brain axis. Alterations in the gut microbiota, a dynamic population of trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, have been implicated in a variety of pathological states, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from in, and around, a rainbow trout farm.

During a large-scale bacterial culturing effort of biofilms in the vicinity of a rainbow trout aquaculture facility in Idaho, USA, 10 isolates were identified as having pathogen-inhibiting activity and were characterized further. These isolates were shown to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the genus . Whole-genome comparisons and multi-locus sequence analysis using four housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, , and ) showed that these 10 isolates clustered into four distinct species groups.

A large-scale, multi-year microbial community survey of a freshwater trout aquaculture facility.

Aquaculture is an important tool for solving the growing worldwide food demand, but infectious diseases of farmed animals represent a serious roadblock to continued industry growth. Therefore, it is essential to understand the microbial communities that reside within the built environments of aquaculture facilities to identify reservoirs of bacterial pathogens and potential correlations between commensal species and specific disease agents. Here, we present the results from 3 years of sampling a commercial rainbow trout aquaculture facility.

Insights from shotgun metagenomics into bacterial species and metabolic pathways associated with NAFLD in obese youth.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease and is often the precursor for more serious liver conditions such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Although the gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of NAFLD, the strong association of obesity with NAFLD and its effect on microbiome structure has made interpreting study outcomes difficult. In the present study, we examined the taxonomic and functional differences between the microbiomes of youth with obesity and with and without NAFLD.

Detecting Flavobacterial Fish Pathogens in the Environment via High-Throughput Community Analysis.

Diseases caused by the fish pathogens Flavobacterium columnare and Flavobacterium psychrophilum are major contributors of preventable losses in the aquaculture industry. The persistent and difficult-to-control infections caused by these bacteria make timely intervention and prophylactic elimination of pathogen reservoirs important measures to combat these disease-causing agents. In this study, we present two independent assays for detecting these pathogens in a range of environmental samples.

Draft Genome Sequence of Aeromonas popoffii ID682, Isolated from a Natural Water Source in Idaho.

A draft genome sequence of Aeromonas popoffii ID682, isolated from a natural water source in Idaho, is presented here. is a relatively understudied species within a diverse, expanding freshwater genus of bacteria. Here, we describe only the second genome published for this species to date.

Draft Genome Sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum ID1246, Isolated from a Rainbow Trout Hatchery Biofilm.

We present a draft genome sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum strain ID1246, isolated from within a rainbow trout hatchery raceway. spp. are well-known producers of antimicrobial compounds.

Effect of Gut Microbiota and PNPLA3 rs738409 Variant on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Youth.

Context: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease, affecting approximately 3 in 10 obese children worldwide.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the potential relationship between gut microbiota and NAFLD in obese youth, while considering the role of PNPLA3 rs738409, a strong genetic contributor to NAFLD.

Design: In this cross-sectional study, participants completed an abdominal magnetic resonance imaging to measure hepatic fat fraction (HFF), oral glucose tolerance test, and PNPLA3 rs738409 genotyping.