Leadless Pacemaker Implantation in Fontan Patients with Multimodality Imaging: Tips and Tricks.

Current leadless pacemaker (LP) systems, which have been developed and used in patients with normal cardiac anatomy, are rare and technically even more challenging to implant in patients with congenital heart diseases, especially with univentricular physiology and Fontan palliation. We report two cases of percutaneous LP implantation in an adult and a child, respectively, highlighting the unconventional approaches, different challenges, and use of multimodality imaging in patients who underwent a Fontan operation.

Pulmonary Hypertension and Congenital Heart Disease.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) is a frequent complication in adults with congenital heart disease. Regardless of etiology, the optimal treatment strategy for this difficult population is challenging. The new frontier of targeted PAH therapies has demonstrated improved functional capacity in the various phenotypes of PAH-CHD, with work currently in progress scrutinizing outcomes.