Possible association between the dopamine D3 receptor gene and bipolar affective disorder.

A variety of studies have reported possible genetic associations between bipolar affective disorder and different loci using relative risk (case-control) comparisons. An alternative approach is to construct a contrast group using parental alleles which were not transmitted to an affected individual [Falk and Rubinstein, 1987: Ann Hum Genet 51:227-233]. We have used both approaches to test for possible associations between alleles of the dopamine D3 receptor gene and bipolar affective disorder.

Preliminary study of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in 8- to 16-year-olds with mania.

Objective: To examine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in children and adolescents with mania according to DSM-III-R criteria.

Method: A convenience sample of consecutively referred 8- to 16-year-old manic (n = 10) and normal (n = 5) subjects were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present Episode Version, the Children's Global Assessment Scale, and the Family History-Research Diagnostic Criteria. MRI scans were obtained from unsedated subjects using a 1.

Interaction of Fc gamma receptor type IIIB with complement receptor type 3 in fibroblast transfectants: evidence from lateral diffusion and resonance energy transfer studies.

To explore potential inter-receptor interactions between Fc gamma RIIIB, a GPI-linked protein, and the leukocyte integrin CR3, we have prepared transfected 3T3 fibroblast cell lines expressing Fc gamma RIIIB, CR3, or both Fc gamma RIIIB and CR3. We test the hypothesis that Fc gamma RIIIB and CR3 are physically associated in membranes using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and resonance energy transfer (r.e.

Human urokinase-type plasminogen activator primes neutrophils for superoxide anion release. Possible roles of complement receptor type 3 and calcium.

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which binds to cells via a specific receptor (uPAR), participates in pericellular proteolysis during leukocyte migration. Previous studies have indicated that uPAR is physically associated with CR3 (CD11b/CD18). To test the functional interactions of CR3 and uPAR, we have examined the ability of uPA to elicit changes in cytosolic calcium levels of normal neutrophils, neutrophils from a leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) patient, and 3T3 transfectants expressing CR3, uPAR, or both.

Compartmentalized roles for leukocytic adhesion molecules in lung inflammatory injury.

By using the model of acute injury caused by intrapulmonary deposition of IgG immune complexes, blocking mAb to CD11a, CD11b, L-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were administered either i.v. or intratracheally (i.

Imaging the spatial distribution of membrane receptors during neutrophil phagocytosis.

Optical microscopy and image processing have been employed to study the distribution of several cell surface receptors on living human neutrophils during opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent phagocytosis. Receptors were labeled using fluorescein-, rhodamine-, or AMCA-conjugated F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Fc gamma RIIIB (CD16), anti-CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and anti-uPAR (urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor) antibodies, intact phycoerythrin-labeled interleukin 8, and fluorescein- or rhodamine-labeled Con A (concanavalin A), Boc-PLPLP (tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl-Phe(D)-Leu-Phe(D)-Leu-Phe-OH), and N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys. Labeled neutrophils were observed during the phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes and nonopsonized latex beads, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Regions involved in binding of urokinase-type-1 inhibitor complex and pro-urokinase to the endocytic alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Evidence that the urokinase receptor protects pro-urokinase against binding to the endocytic receptor.

The alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (alpha 2MR/LRP) binds several ligands, including complex between the two chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and the single chain zymogen pro-urokinase (pro-uPA). We have used truncated variants of uPA and PAI-1 as well as Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies with known epitopes to identify regions in the uPA.PAI-1 complex and in pro-uPA involved in binding to alpha 2MR/LRP.

The receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator of a human keratinocyte line (HaCaT).

It is assumed that plasmin participates in pericellular proteolysis in the epidermis. Plasmin is generated by keratinocyte-associated plasminogen activators from the proenzyme plasminogen; plasminogen activation can proceed at the keratinocyte surface. The resultant plasmin interferes with cell to matrix adhesion and does possibly contribute to keratinocyte migration during reepithelialization.

A monoclonal antibody to lateral element proteins in synaptonemal complexes of Lilium longiflorum.

To identify synaptonemal complex (SC) proteins in Lilium longiflorum (lily), monoclonal antibodies were generated using mice immunized with isolated pachytene nuclei. While most of the resulting monoclonal antibodies recognized nucleolar or chromatin proteins, one monoclonal antibody (anti-LE) was found that binds to lateral elements. Anti-LE bound more to lateral elements of SCs digested with DNase than to lateral elements that had not been digested with DNase.

The dental caries experience, oral hygiene and dietary practices of preschool children of factory workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Two hundred and thirty-seven children attending four Ministry of Industry nursery schools in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, were examined. Dental caries experience, oral cleanliness and soft tissue abnormalities were determined. 149 mothers of these children were interviewed and information was gathered about infant-feeding practices, weaning age, diet after weaning, toothbrushing and dental attendance.

Cytokine-specific regulation of urokinase receptor (CD87) expression by U937 mononuclear phagocytes.

Mononuclear phagocytes concentrate urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) at the cell surface by expressing membrane uPA receptors (uPAR). This study examines the ability of exogenous cytokines to alter expression of membrane-associated uPA and uPAR in U937 mononuclear phagocytes. Cells were stimulated with recombinant interferon gamma (IFN gamma) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), followed by immunolabeling for uPA or uPAR and flow cytometry.

Reconstitution of antibody-dependent phagocytosis in fibroblasts expressing Fc gamma receptor IIIB and the complement receptor type 3.

In this study, we test the hypothesis that co-expression of both the complement receptor type 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18) and Fc gamma receptor type IIIB (Fc gamma RIIIB) (CD16) are sufficient to mediate Ab-dependent phagocytosis. To explore the roles of these receptors in a simple and well-defined in vitro system, stable transfectants of fibroblasts expressing either CR3, Fc gamma RIIIB, or the combination of CR3 and Fc gamma RIIIB were generated. Cells not expressing either receptor, but exposed to the transfection protocol, were used as controls.

Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors inhibit dopamine release.

D2-like dopamine receptors are thought to control presynaptic dopamine synthesis and release. Because these receptors comprise a family which includes D2, D3 and D4 dopamine receptors, the question arises as to which subtype performs what role(s). To investigate the potential autoreceptor roles of these proteins, D2, D3 and D4 receptors were transfected into a mesencephalic clonal cell line which synthesizes and releases dopamine.

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator enhances invasion of human T cells (Jurkat) into a fibrin matrix.

The receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA-R) localizes uPA to the cell surface. The receptor-bound uPA converts plasminogen to the trypsin-like endopeptidase plasmin. Thus uPA is involved in the initiation of pericellular proteolysis.

Sequential cytogenetic alterations in hamster oral keratinocytes during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis.

Using the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the cytogenetic changes in hamster oral keratinocytes during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced carcinogenesis. Tumour induction in the hamster cheek pouch required repeated application of the carcinogen for 14 weeks. We have found that this hamster oral cancer model to be suitable for cytogenetic studies.

Plasminogen activation in healing human wounds.

Tissue injury is followed by formation of a provisional, fibrin-containing matrix. It is later on replaced by granulation tissue. Replacement involves extracellular proteolysis by fibrinolytic enzymes.

A survey of the training, practice and dental health knowledge of traditional dentists practising in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Interviews with 50 traditional dentists practising in Phnom Penh, Cambodia showed that the majority had been trained as an apprentice of either their father or a relative. The most frequently undertaken treatment procedures were tooth coloured fillings, and cast, preformed metal or acrylic crowns and bridges. Knowledge of dental pathology was poor.

Quantitative bone scanning after asymptomatic Charnley arthroplasty.

To establish the normal pattern of postoperative tracer uptake we performed 73 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate scans following primary Charnley hip replacements for arthrosis in 68 patients without clinical, hematological and radiographic complications. The patients were divided into 7 subgroups according to the period, 6-24 months, between surgery and scan. There were 10-12 patients in each subgroup.

Physical association of complement receptor type 3 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in neutrophil membranes.

A previous study has shown that Fc gamma RIIIB (CD16), an extensively glycosylated glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked neutrophil membrane protein, specifically co-caps with the iC3b R (CR3; CD11b/CD18). This study tests the possible physical interactions of another extensively glycosylated glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked protein, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), with CR3. Receptors were labeled using fluorochrome-conjugated F(ab')2 fragments of an anti-CR3 mAb.

Role of leukocyte adhesion molecules in lung and dermal vascular injury after thermal trauma of skin.

Acute second degree thermal injury of rat skin involving 25 to 30% total body surface of anesthetized rats results at 4 hours in evidence of vascular injury both locally (in skin) and remotely (involving lung). The neutrophil dependency for both types of injury has now been established. Monoclonal antibodies to various adhesion molecules have been used to define the requirements for these molecules in the development of vascular injury.

The urokinase receptor is required for human monocyte chemotaxis in vitro.

Mononuclear phagocytes (Mphi) produce urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and also express a specific cell-surface receptor for urokinase, uPAR. The concomitant expression of these proteins provides a mechanism by which Mphi can degrade extracellular matrix proteins during directed cell migration. In this study, we sought to determine if uPAR plays a role in Mphi chemotaxis that is distinct from its role in matrix proteolysis.

Anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rat.

We investigated the effect of an anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (1B6c) on ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We divided animals into three groups: MAb 1 group (n = 5)--rats were subjected to 2 hours of transient occlusion and 1B6c (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously at 0 and 22 hours of reperfusion; MAb 2 group (n = 5)--same experimental protocol as MAb 1 group, except that the initial dose of 1B6c was increased to 2 mg/kg; and control group (n = 5)--same experimental protocol as MAb 2 group, except that an isotype-matched control antibody was administered. Animals were weighed and tested for neurological function before and after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

Immunologic detection of the cellular receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator.

The cellular receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA-R) is a monomeric phosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein (gp40-65) that may contribute to the invasive capacity of tumor and inflammatory cells by focusing the activity of urokinase (uPA) in converting plasminogen to plasmin, a serine protease capable of degrading extracellular matrix proteins. The further characterization of uPA-R has been facilitated by our recent development of a monoclonal antibody, anti-Mo3f, specific for uPA-R. This mAb bound to uPA-R expressed by phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated U-937 cells and by NIH-3T3 cells permanently transfected with uPA-R cDNA.