The association between amblyopia and the risks of hearing loss: A propensity matched analysis.

Introduction: Amblyopia occurs due to an imbalance in the visual input between the eyes. This can induce structural changes in the central nervous system and, if left untreated, eventually lead to permanent blindness in the affected eye. As these changes may also impact the auditory system, which closely interacts with the visual system, this study aimed to investigate the risk of hearing loss in patients with amblyopia.

Characterization of hearing loss in pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a common heritable disorder affecting type 1 collagen. The sequelae of OI vary, but hearing loss is a significant complication with 46-58 % of patients having some degree of hearing loss. Previous studies have suggested patients with OI may have conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss.

Substance Use Disorder as Risk Factor for Intubation in Angioedema: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Objectives: Individuals with angioedema (AE) are at high risk for airway compromise and often require endotracheal intubation. Patient factors predisposing one to airway compromise are not well described. The objective of this study is to examine whether substance use disorder (SUD) in patients with AE is associated with need for airway intervention.

Epidemiological assessment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis: A PHIS database study.

Objective: Cervicofacial lymphadenitis caused by non-tubercular mycobacterial (NTM) infections has the highest infection rate in children. Our objective was to assess patient demographics, treatment methods, and the impact of weather and geography on the incidence of disease in patients with NTM cervicofacial lymphadenitis.

Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was queried for data on all patients diagnosed with concurrent cervicofacial lymphadenopathy and NTM infection from 2004 to 2022.

Assessing the Association Between Head and Neck Cancer and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

To determine the odds of head and neck cancer (HNC) in patients with a concurrent or prior diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). The TriNetX Analytics Network, a federated research platform that aggregates de-identified electronic health record data of over 130 million patients worldwide, was queried for patients with at least one ICD-10 encounter diagnosis of GPA. Patients within this group with an encounter diagnosis of cancer of the sinonasal, oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx concurrent or after the initial encounter diagnosis of GPA were recorded and compared to a standardized control population to determine odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Measuring food insecurity among a national sample of children with recurrent acute otitis media.

Introduction: Acute otitis media is one of the most common reasons for pediatric medical visits in the United States. Additionally, past studies have linked food insecurity and malnutrition with increased infections and worse health outcomes. However, there is a lack of information on the risk factors for food insecurity in specific patient populations, including the pediatric recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) population.

Utility of CT or X-ray in the management of adult nasal fracture.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the use of imaging in the management of nasal fracture in adults and determine if imaging is beneficial to clinical decision making when planning for surgery. A secondary objective of this study is to compare surgical rates for nasal fracture between pediatric and adult populations.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study of 357 patients seen at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center from January 2015 through January 2020 with a diagnosis of nasal fracture.

Clinical Characteristics of Primary Snoring vs Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Analysis of the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy for Snoring (PATS) Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is unknown whether children with primary snoring and children with mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent populations with substantially different clinical characteristics. Nonetheless, an obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 1 or greater is often used to define OSA and plan for adenotonsillectomy (AT).

Objective: To assess whether a combination of clinical characteristics differentiates children with primary snoring from children with mild OSA.

Adenotonsillectomy for Snoring and Mild Sleep Apnea in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The utility of adenotonsillectomy in children who have habitual snoring without frequent obstructive breathing events (mild sleep-disordered breathing [SDB]) is unknown.

Objectives: To evaluate early adenotonsillectomy compared with watchful waiting and supportive care (watchful waiting) on neurodevelopmental, behavioral, health, and polysomnographic outcomes in children with mild SDB.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial enrolling 459 children aged 3 to 12.

The perceived impact of curricular and non-curricular factors on specialty interests and choice during medical school at a single center in the United States.

Background: Limited information exists regarding how medical students' specialty interests evolve throughout medical school, particularly interest in surgical versus non-surgical specialties. Our objective was to identify medical students' specialty interests before and after medical school and the most important curricular and non-curricular factors that shaped their specialty choice.

Methods: An online 22-question voluntary, anonymized survey was designed to assess specialty interests and factors impacting specialty choice at a single medical school in the United States.

A Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Analysis of Reimbursement Trends in Laryngology from 2000 to 2021.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize Medicare reimbursement trends for laryngology procedures over the last two decades.

Methods: This analysis used CMS' Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) Look-Up Tool to determine the reimbursement rate of 48 common laryngology procedures, which were divided into four groups based on their practice setting and clinical use: office-based, airway, voice disorders, and dysphagia. The PFS reports the physician service reimbursement for "facilities" and global reimbursement for "non-facilities".

Olfactory dysfunction incidence and resolution amongst 608 patients with COVID-19 infection.

Purpose: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common presenting sign of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection and remains persistent in up to 7 % of patients one year after diagnosis. However, demographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors for persistent OD are not well understood. This study aims to determine risk factors for development and persistence of OD amongst patients with COVID-19 infection.

Transmission risk of COVID-19 infection with office-based flexible laryngoscopy.

Unlabelled: Since the beginning of the Coronavirus pandemic, recommendations to ensure safety in clinical practice have fluctuated. Within the Otolaryngology community, a variety of protocols have emerged to assure safety for both patients and healthcare workers while maintaining standard of care practices, especially surrounding aerosolizing in-office procedures.

Objectives: This study aims to describe our Otolaryngology Department's Personal Protective Equipment protocol for both patients and providers during office laryngoscopy and to identify the risk of contracting COVID-19 after implementation of the protocol.

Epidemiology of Eustachian tube dysfunction and related otologic diagnoses among children with achondroplasia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diagnosed Eustachian tube dysfunction and related otologic diagnoses among children with achondroplasia as compared to a control population.

Methods: The TriNetX Analytics Network, a federated health research network that aggregates the de-identified electronic health record data of over 78 million patients across the United States, was queried for patients 18 years old or younger with achondroplasia. Patients in this group with any occurrence of diagnosed Eustachian tube dysfunction or specified otologic diagnoses were recorded and reported.

Efficacy of X-ray in the diagnosis of pediatric nasal fracture.

Objective: Nasal fracture is one of the most common pediatric fractures, and diagnosis can be made with clinical findings or with radiographic imaging. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of x-ray utilization in decision-making regarding closed reduction of pediatric nasal fracture.

Methods: This a case-control study of 117 patients ages 0-18 with a diagnosis of nasal fracture seen at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center between January 2015 and January 2020.

Prevalence of New-Onset Tinnitus after COVID-19 Vaccination with Comparison to Other Vaccinations.

Objective: To investigate how often patients are diagnosed with new-onset tinnitus within 21 days after COVID-19 vaccination in comparison to after three other common vaccinations: influenza, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis), and polysaccharide pneumococcus.

Methods: The TriNetX Analytics Network, a federated health research network that aggregates the de-identified electronic health record (EHR) data of over 78 million patients, was queried for patients receiving each vaccination. Instances of new-onset tinnitus within 21 days of vaccination were recorded and reported.

Middle ear cholesteatoma prevalence in over 3,600 children with Turner Syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of middle ear cholesteatoma in children with Turner syndrome (TS) as compared to the general population using a large database.

Methods: The TriNetx Analytics Network, a federated health research network that aggregates the de-identified electronic health record data of over 78 million patients across the United States, was queried for patients 18 years old or younger with TS. Patients in this group with any occurrence of a diagnosed middle ear cholesteatoma were recorded and reported.

Impact of body mass index in patulous Eustachian tube: Does rapid weight loss influence symptom improvement?

Objectives: Weight loss has been proposed as risk factor for patulous Eustachian tube (PET), however, it has not been well-characterized how this subpopulation responds to standard treatments. This study aimed to evaluate PET symptom improvement in the setting of and absence of rapid weight loss.

Methods: This retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with PET at an academic institution.

Nationwide disparities in transportation related delays to care experienced by children with frequent ear infections.

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM), or ear infection, is the most common reason for pediatric medical visits in the United States [1]. Additionally, transportation barriers are a significant driver of missed and delayed care across medical specialties [2,3]. Yet, the role of transportation barriers in impeding access for children with frequent ear infections (FEI) has not been investigated.

Chronic care handoffs in otolaryngology: Pediatric to Adult Care Providers.

Objective: The transfer of care from pediatric to adult otolaryngology remains unexplored. Our study investigated practice patterns among pediatric otolaryngologists.

Methods: Twenty-question survey administered to otolaryngologists at the Society for Ear Nose and Throat Advancement in Children (SENTAC) and American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) in December 2020 and July 2021 respectively.

Critical analysis of the evaluation of postoperative dysphagia following an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Background And Purpose: Postoperative dysphagia is a known complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with reported incidences ranging from 1 to 79%. No standardized guidelines exist for spine surgeons to evaluate postoperative dysphagia after ACDF. A systematic method may be beneficial in distinguishing transient postoperative dysphagia secondary to intubation from those with postoperative complications.

Reimbursement Trends in Pediatric Otolaryngology From 2000 to 2020: A CMS Physician Fee Schedule Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the financial trends in Medicare reimbursement rates for the most billed procedures at a single institution from 2000 to 2020 within pediatric otolaryngology.

Study Design: Retrospective data analysis.

Setting: United States.

Otitis Media and Tympanostomy Tubes.

Acute otitis media (AOM) is an acute infection of the middle ear and, depending on the age of the child, the certainty of diagnosis, and the severity of symptoms, should be either observed closely or treated (with high-dose amoxicillin, if not allergic). Host-related risk factors such as age, sex, cleft palate, or genetic predisposition or environmental risk factors such as seasonality, day care attendance, or tobacco smoke exposure may contribute to recurrent AOM (RAOM) episodes. Tympanostomy tubes are recommended in children with RAOM and an abnormal ear examination at the time of the clinic evaluation.

Hearing loss patterns in enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome: Do fluctuations have clinical significance?

Objectives: To reveal hearing loss patterns in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) syndrome according to demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study design was utilized to identify patients with EVA. Ears of patients were categorized into one of four cohorts: progressive fluctuating, progressive non-fluctuating, stable fluctuating, and stable non-fluctuating patterns.

Practice Consolidation in Otolaryngology: The Decline of the Single-Provider Practice.

Objective: To observe trends in practice consolidation within otolaryngology by analyzing changes in size and geographic distribution of practices within the United States from 2014 to 2021.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis based on the Physician Compare National Database from the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Setting: United States.