Does One Size Fit All? Variations in the DNA Barcode Gaps of Macrofungal Genera.

The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region has been widely used in fungal diversity studies. Environmental metabarcoding has increased the importance of the fungal DNA barcode in documenting fungal diversity and distribution. The DNA barcode gap is seen as the difference between intra- and inter-specific pairwise distances in a DNA barcode.

The Epidemiology of Sudden Oak Death Disease Caused by in a Mixed Bay Laurel-Oak Woodland Provides Important Clues for Disease Management.

Epidemiological models are important for the understanding of disease progression in plants and for the design of control strategies. , the pathogen responsible for the disease known as Sudden Oak Death, causes lethal infection on several oaks but relies on California bay laurels for transmission. Here, repeated surveys of bay laurels and oaks indicated that bay laurel disease incidence was positively correlated with rainfall, bay laurel density, and an eastern aspect, and negatively correlated with bay laurel basal area.

Whole-genome sequence analyses of isolates reveals extensive genomic variation and diverse antibiotic resistance determinants.

Background: () is a respiratory pathogen of swine and the etiological agent of Glässer's disease. The structural organization of genetic information, antibiotic resistance genes, potential pathogenicity, and evolutionary relationships among global strains remain unclear. The aim of this study was to better understand patterns of genetic variation, antibiotic resistance factors, and virulence mechanisms of this pathogen.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Multidrug-Resistant ST477 Isolate.

is an opportunistic human foodborne pathogen that causes severe infections with high hospitalization and fatality rates. Clonal complex 9 (CC9) contains a large number of sequence types (STs) and is one of the predominant clones distributed worldwide. However, genetic characteristics of ST477 isolates, which also belong to CC9, have never been examined, and little is known about the detail genomic traits of this food-associated clone.

A Microsatellite Analysis Used to Identify Global Pathways of Movement of and the Likely Sources of Wildland Infestations in California and Mexico.

The genetic structure of a sample of isolates of the oomycete plant pathogen from natural and agricultural outbreaks and the long-distance movement of individual genotypes were studied using four microsatellite markers to genotype 159 isolates of Californian, Mexican, and worldwide origins. Allelic profiles identified 75 multilocus genotypes. A STRUCTURE analysis placed them in three groups characterized by different geographic and host ranges, different genic and genotypic diversity, and different reproductive modes.

WGS analysis of ST9-MRSA-XII isolates from live pigs in China provides insights into transmission among porcine, human and bovine hosts.

Objectives: To elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among ST9-MRSA-XII isolates from different sources and their genetic features in colonization of different hosts.

Methods: We obtained whole-genome sequences of two ST9-MRSA-XII isolates from nasal swabs associated with live pigs in China, and compared them with 135 previously sequenced genomes of 78 human-associated, 39 bovine and 18 porcine Staphylococcus aureus consisting of 11 MRSA of SCCmecXII, 62 MRSA of other SCCmec types and 62 MSSA. The distribution of diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs), resistance genes and virulence determinants was investigated in relation to isolate phylogeny.

Systematics of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactarius in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone.

Lactarius (Russulales) is an important component of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in cold-dominated contiguous arctic and disjunct alpine habitats where it associates primarily with Betula, Dryas and Salix However, little is known of this genus in the central and southern Rocky Mountain alpine zone (3000-3900 m) of North America. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) partial sequences in conjunction with detailed morphological examination confirm at least six species occurring above treeline.

Australasian sequestrate fungi 18: Solioccasus polychromus gen. & sp. nov., a richly colored, tropical to subtropical, hypogeous fungus.

Solioccasus polychromus gen. & sp. nov.

Filling gaps in biodiversity knowledge for macrofungi: contributions and assessment of an herbarium collection DNA barcode sequencing project.

Despite recent advances spearheaded by molecular approaches and novel technologies, species description and DNA sequence information are significantly lagging for fungi compared to many other groups of organisms. Large scale sequencing of vouchered herbarium material can aid in closing this gap. Here, we describe an effort to obtain broad ITS sequence coverage of the approximately 6000 macrofungal-species-rich herbarium of the Museum of Natural History in Venice, Italy.

Back to basics: an evaluation of NaOH and alternative rapid DNA extraction protocols for DNA barcoding, genotyping, and disease diagnostics from fungal and oomycete samples.

The ubiquity, high diversity and often-cryptic manifestations of fungi and oomycetes frequently necessitate molecular tools for detecting and identifying them in the environment. In applications including DNA barcoding, pathogen detection from plant samples, and genotyping for population genetics and epidemiology, rapid and dependable DNA extraction methods scalable from one to hundreds of samples are desirable. We evaluated several rapid extraction methods (NaOH, Rapid one-step extraction (ROSE), Chelex 100, proteinase K) for their ability to obtain DNA of quantity and quality suitable for the following applications: PCR amplification of the multicopy barcoding locus ITS1/5.

Sutorius: a new genus for Boletus eximius.

Sutorius is described as a new genus of Boletaceae to accommodate Boletus robustus originally named illegitimately by C.C. Frost from eastern North America.

Incorporating DNA barcodes into a multi-year inventory of the fishes of the hyperdiverse Lower Congo River, with a multi-gene performance assessment of the genus Labeo as a case study.

Background And Aims: Here we describe preliminary efforts to integrate DNA barcoding into an ongoing inventory of the Lower Congo River (LCR) ichthyofauna. The 350 km stretch of the LCR from Pool Malebo to Boma includes the world's largest river rapids. The LCR ichthyofauna is hyperdiverse and rich in endemism due to high habitat heterogeneity, numerous dispersal barriers, and its downstream location in the basin.

Pacific boletes: implications for biogeographic relationships.

The obligate association of boletes with their plant partners is critical to understanding biogeographic distribution of these fungi. Only in rare instances are boletes not obligatory associates of plants; the majority are presumed or proven partners in obligate symbioses with a variety of plants. The array of plant-associated distributions provides a potential handle for evaluating bolete distribution on a global scale.

Morphological and molecular evidence supporting an arbutoid mycorrhizal relationship in the Costa Rican páramo.

This study examines evidence for a particular arbutoid mycorrhizal interaction in páramo, a high-altitude neotropical ecosystem important in hydrological regulation but poorly known in terms of its fungal communities. Comarostaphylis arbutoides Lindley (Ericaceae) often forms dense thickets in Central American páramo habitats. Based on phylogenetic classification, it has been suggested that C.

Morphological and molecular systematics of Rocky Mountain alpine Laccaria.

The alpine zone is comprised of habitats at elevations above treeline, and macromycetes play important ecological roles as decomposers and mycorrhizal symbionts here as elsewhere. Laccaria is an important group of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes widely used in experimental and applied research. A systematic study of alpine Laccaria species using morphological, cultural and molecular (ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer) data revealed five taxa in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone: L.