The relationship between riparian vegetation buffer size and unionid mussel habitats.

The effectiveness of riparian vegetation buffers at conserving hyporheic habitats used by freshwater unionid mussels is not well understood. A comparison of sites with intact vs. fragmented vegetation buffers in the east branch of the Sydenham River (Ontario, Canada) revealed differences.

Mitochondrial sequence data reveal population structure within .

Unionid mussels are among the most imperiled group of organisms in North America, and is a freshwater species with a relatively wide latitudinal distribution that extends from southern Ontario, Canada, to Texas, USA. Considerable morphological and geographic variation in the genus (formerly ) has led to uncertainty over species boundaries, and recent studies have suggested revisions to species-level classifications by synonymizing , , , and with (currently ). Owing to its wide range and shallow phylogenetic differentiation, we analyzed individuals of using mitochondrial DNA sequence data under a population genetics framework.

Variations in the 24 h temporal patterns and time budgets of grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors in grazing dairy cows in a New Zealand system.

This study investigated the variations in the temporal distributions and the lengths of times utilized for grazing, ruminating, and idling behaviors by grazing dairy cows over 24 h. Spring-calved lactating dairy cows (N = 54) from three breeds, Holstein-Friesian (HFR), Jersey (JE), and KiwiCross (KC) in different lactations (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and with different breeding worth index values (103 < BW > 151) were selected. The cows were managed through a rotational grazing scheme and milked once a day at 0500 hours.

RAD-tag and mitochondrial DNA sequencing reveal the genetic structure of a widespread and regionally imperiled freshwater mussel, (Bivalvia: Unionidae).

is a species of freshwater mussel native to the Mississippi River and Laurentian Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River drainages of North America. This mussel has experienced population declines across large parts of its distribution and is imperiled in many jurisdictions.

Suspended solid concentration reduces feeding in freshwater mussels.

We examined the effect of TSS concentration on the clearance rates (CR) of newly transformed juvenile and adult Lampsilis fasciola, L. siliquoidea, Ligumia nasuta, and Villosa iris, as increased total suspended solids (TSS) are thought to interfere with feeding processes. Mussel CR were measured in aerated (or swirled for juveniles) chambers at TSS concentrations up to 15mgL for laboratory-transformed juveniles, and up to 100mgL for adult mussels.

Development of species-specific primers with potential for amplifying eDNA from imperilled freshwater unionid mussels.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is emerging as a potentially powerful tool for inferring species' presence, and hence occupancy, from DNA that is shed into environmental samples such as water. Although eDNA screening has been used to detect DNA from a variety of taxonomic groups, it has not yet been used to identify DNA from species with numerous potentially sympatric confamilial species, a situation that may preclude the development of species-specific markers. There are 41 native freshwater mussel species (Unionidae) in Ontario, Canada.

Loss of reproductive output caused by an invasive species.

We investigated whether Neogobius melanostomus, an invader of biodiversity 'hot-spots' in the Laurentian Great Lakes region, facilitates or inhibits unionid mussel recruitment by serving as a host or sink for their parasitic larvae (glochidia). Infestation and metamorphosis rates of four mussel species with at-risk (conservation) status (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana, Epioblasma triquetra, Lampsilis fasciola and Villosa iris) and one common species (Actinonaias ligamentina) on N. melanostomus were compared with rates on known primary and marginal hosts in the laboratory.

The effects of proximal and distal routes of intraosseous epinephrine administration on short-term resuscitative outcome measures in an adult swine model of ventricular fibrillation: a randomized controlled study.

Introduction: It is unknown if the anatomical distance of intraosseous (i.o.) epinephrine injection from the heart affects resuscitative outcome.

Characterization of polydopamine thin films deposited at short times by autoxidation of dopamine.

Current interest in melanin films derived from the autoxidation of dopamine stems from their use as a universal adhesion layer. Here we report chemical and physical characterization of polydopamine films deposited on gold surfaces from stirred basic solutions at times ranging from 2 to 60 min, with a focus on times ≤10 min. Data from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical methods suggest the presence of starting (dopamine) and intermediate (C=N-containing tautomers of quinone and indole) species in the polydopamine films at all deposition times.

A lectin-based gold nanoparticle assay for probing glycosylation of glycoproteins.

We report a glycoanalysis method in which lectins are used to probe the glycans of therapeutic glycoproteins that are adsorbed on gold nanoparticles. A model mannose-presenting glycoprotein, ribonuclease B (RNase B), and the therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab, were found to adsorb spontaneously and non-specifically to bare gold nanoparticles such that glycans were accessible for lectin binding. Addition of a multivalent binding lectin, such as concanavalin A (Con A), to a solution of the modified gold nanoparticles resulted in cross-linking of the nanoparticles.

Selective binding of RNase B glycoforms by polydopamine-immobilized concanavalin A.

Glycoanalysis is important in the manufacture and quality control of protein therapeutics. An emerging method for glycoanalysis is the use of lectin arrays. Critical to the performance of these arrays is the immobilization of lectin molecules.

Increasing rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ.

Purpose: Some women with unilateral ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) to prevent cancer in the opposite breast. The use and trends of CPM for DCIS in the United States have not previously been reported.

Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to analyze the initial treatment (within 6 months) of patients with unilateral DCIS diagnosed from 1998 through 2005.

Increasing use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for breast cancer patients: a trend toward more aggressive surgical treatment.

Purpose: Many patients with unilateral breast cancer choose contralateral prophylactic mastectomy to prevent cancer in the opposite breast. The purpose of our study was to determine the use and trends of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in the United States.

Patients And Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to review the treatment of patients with unilateral breast cancer diagnosed from 1998 through 2003.

Small bowel obstruction in an adolescent: a case of Meckel's diverticulum.

Meckel's diverticulum is a relatively uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction in the adolescent population. Here we discuss a patient with clinical and radiographic evidence of a complete bowel obstruction and describe the subsequent operative management. Finally, current literature concerning the diagnosis and management of Meckel's diverticulum is reviewed.

A spectroscopic study of mercury vapor adsorption on gold nanoparticle films.

We have modified the surfaces of glass and Si(100) with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane, a fourth generation amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer, and poly(diallydimethyl ammonium chloride) to facilitate adsorption onto colloidal gold particles (average diameter 3, 5, 12, and 22 nm). UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy monitored the adsorption process, which is governed by particle diffusion to the surface. The differences in adsorption to the three adhesion layers as a function of pH are discussed.