Robot-assisted excision of a retroperitoneal mass between the left renal artery and vein.

Background: Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are rare. Minimally invasive techniques have been utilized for incidentally discovered masses with successful results.

Methods: We present a case of a 64-year-old female with a 3.

Changes in adenosine triphosphate-stimulated ATP release suggest association between cytokine and purinergic signaling in bladder urothelial cells.

Objectives: To determine whether antiproliferative factor (APF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) can induce changes in purinergic signaling in normal bladder urothelial cells (BUCs) and/or whether antagonizing EGF activity or blocking adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-purinergic receptors can induce changes in purinergic signaling in interstitial cystitis (IC) cells.

Methods: IC and normal BUCs were obtained from patients' bladder biopsy specimens. IC BUCs were treated with genistein, which antagonizes EGF's activity, and normal BUCs were treated with EGF, mock APF, or APF.

Misplaced inferior vena caval filter in right renal vein with erosion into renal collecting system.

Misplacement of an inferior vena caval (IVC) filter is an infrequent event. We describe a patient who underwent IVC filter placement after lower extremity trauma. Fourteen years later, the presence of microscopic hematuria prompted evaluation.

Dendritic cell vaccines for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Advanced prostate cancer remains a disease with few options beyond palliation. Over the past few decades, our understanding of immunology has led to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of many malignancies, including prostate cancer. These generally aim to induce T-cell responses against tumor specific antigens to both reduce tumor mass and potentially avoid relapse.

FK506 and sildenafil promote erectile function recovery after cavernous nerve injury through antioxidative mechanisms.

Introduction: Immunophilin ligands and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are touted to promote erectile function recovery after cavernous nerve (CN) injury. However, the mechanisms for their effects remain unclear.

Aim: To compare the erection recovery effects of the immunophilin ligand FK506 and the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil after CN injury and determine whether they involve antioxidative and/or antiapoptotic mechanisms.

Risk factors for central serous chorioretinopathy: a case-control study.

Purpose: To identify systemic factors associated with the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Design: Retrospective, case-control study.

Participants And Controls: 312 cases and 312 controls.