Atomoxetine effects on executive function as measured by the BRIEF--a in young adults with ADHD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of atomoxetine treatment on executive functions in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: In this Phase 4, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, young adults (18-30 years) with ADHD were randomized to receive atomoxetine (20-50 mg BID, N = 220) or placebo (N = 225) for 12 weeks. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A) consists of 75 self-report items within 9 nonoverlapping clinical scales measuring various aspects of executive functioning.

Neurophysiologic predictors of response to atomoxetine in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot project.

Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication with sustained benefit throughout the day, and is a useful pharmacologic treatment option for young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is difficult to determine, however, those patients for whom atomoxetine will be both effective and advantageous. Patients may need to take the medication for several weeks before therapeutic benefit is apparent, so a biomarker that could predict atomoxetine effectiveness early in the course of treatment could be clinically useful.

A review of the abuse potential assessment of atomoxetine: a nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Rationale: Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has for many years relied on psychostimulants, particularly various formulations of amphetamines and methylphenidate. These are central nervous system stimulants and are scheduled because of their abuse potential. Atomoxetine (atomoxetine hydrochloride; Strattera®) was approved in 2002 for treatment of ADHD, and was the first nonstimulant medication approved for this disorder.

Atomoxetine treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults with assessment of functional outcomes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with significant impairment in multiple functional domains. This trial evaluated efficacy in ADHD symptoms and functional outcomes in young adults treated with atomoxetine.

Methods: Young adults (18-30 years old) with ADHD were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with atomoxetine (n = 220) or placebo (n = 225).

Atomoxetine treatment outcomes in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a post hoc, pooled analysis.

Background: Many children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to experience this disorder as adults, which may, in part, be due to the discontinuity of health care that often occurs during the transition period between late adolescence and young adulthood. Although atomoxetine is reported to be efficacious in both adolescents and young adults, no longitudinal studies have been designed to assess directly the effects of atomoxetine treatment during this transition period. As a first step, we present the results of a post hoc, pooled analysis that compared the efficacy and safety profile of atomoxetine in these 2 patient populations.

Relationship between African-American or Caucasian origin and outcomes in the olanzapine treatment of acute mania: a pooled analysis of three adult studies conducted in the United States of America.

The aim of this study was to explore the role of ethnic origin in the treatment of acute bipolar mania. Treatment outcomes were studied in a post-hoc analysis of African-American (AA, n=41) and Caucasian (CA, n=190) adults treated with olanzapine in three studies conducted in the United States of America. Baseline demographics were similar except that the AA cohort had fewer women compared with the CA cohort (37 vs.

Impact of race on efficacy and safety during treatment with olanzapine in schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder.

Background: To examine potential differences in efficacy and safety of treatment with olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia of white and black descent.

Methods: A post-hoc, pooled analysis of 6 randomized, double-blind trials in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder compared white (N = 605) and black (N = 375) patients treated with olanzapine (5 to 20 mg/day) for 24 to 28 weeks. Efficacy measurements included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score; and positive, negative, and general psychopathology scores; and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) scores at 6 months.

Stimulant formulation and motivation for nonmedical use of prescription attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications in a college-aged population.

There is relatively little research examining motives for nonmedical use (NMU) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and predictors of motivation. We present results of a secondary analysis of an Internet-based epidemiological survey to explore the relationship between stimulant formulation and motivation for NMU of ADHD stimulant medications in a college-aged population. Demographic predictors of motivation to engage in NMU were also explored to investigate the potential correlates of recreational versus performance-enhancement motivations.

Olanzapine/fluoxetine combination in patients with treatment-resistant depression: rapid onset of therapeutic response and its predictive value for subsequent overall response in a pooled analysis of 5 studies.

Objective: To characterize response profiles of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination therapy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and to investigate predictive relationships of early improvement with olanzapine/fluoxetine combination for subsequent response/remission during the acute phase of treatment.

Method: Results were pooled from 5 outpatient studies comparing oral olanzapine/fluoxetine combination, fluoxetine, or olanzapine for a maximum of 8 weeks in patients with TRD who had at least 1 historical antidepressant treatment failure during the current episode and who failed a prospective antidepressant therapy during the study lead-in period. Mean Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total and core mood items scores from the 8-week evaluation period were compared across treatment groups.

Retrospective safety analysis of atomoxetine in adult ADHD patients with or without comorbid alcohol abuse and dependence.

This post hoc analysis compared the safety of atomoxetine treatment of ADHD in adults with or without comorbid alcohol abuse/dependence. Study completion rates in patients receiving atomoxetine were comparable between heavy drinkers (60.9%) and patients with no alcohol-use disorder (71.

Atomoxetine treatment for ADHD: younger adults compared with older adults.

Objective: Atomoxetine is a nonstimulant medication for treating child, adolescent, and adult ADHD. This meta-analysis compared the effects in younger and older adults.

Method: A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from two double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Effects of open-label atomoxetine on African-American and Caucasian pediatric outpatients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Data on the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in African-American children and adolescents are limited.

Methods: This study sought to evaluate the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride in the management of ADHD in African-American children and adolescents by conducting a post hoc subgroup analysis of 2 multicenter, open-label studies.

Results: Atomoxetine was safe and well tolerated, with >or=3.

Atomoxetine treatment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid social anxiety disorder.

Background: To evaluate the effect of atomoxetine (ATX) on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid social anxiety disorder in adults.

Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, conducted in adults with ADHD and social anxiety disorder. Patients received 40-100 mg ATX (n=224) or placebo (n=218) for 14 weeks following a 2-week placebo lead-in period.

Prevalence of nonmedical methamphetamine use in the United States.

Background: Illicit methamphetamine use continues to be a public health concern in the United States. The goal of the current study was to use a relatively inexpensive methodology to examine the prevalence and demographic correlates of nonmedical methamphetamine use in the United States.

Methods: The sample was obtained through an internet survey of noninstitutionalized adults (n = 4,297) aged 18 to 49 in the United States in 2005.

Latino versus Caucasian response to atomoxetine in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of atomoxetine in Latino (n = 108) versus Caucasian (n = 1090) pediatric outpatients (aged 6 to <18 years) during the first 10-11 weeks of treatment in two multicenter, open-label trials. Mean modal doses were not significantly different in Latinos (1.22 mg/kg per day) versus Caucasians (1.

Discriminative-stimulus, self-reported, performance, and cardiovascular effects of atomoxetine in methylphenidate-trained humans.

Atomoxetine is marketed as a nonstimulant medication indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Previous laboratory research suggests that atomoxetine has limited abuse potential but that some of its behavioral effects might overlap with traditional psychomotor stimulants like methylphenidate and d-amphetamine. A drug with this profile might be useful for the treatment of stimulant dependence.