Individuals with and without normal tension glaucoma exhibit comparable performance on tests of cognitive function.

Aim: To evaluate aspects of cognition impacted by individuals with and without normal tension glaucoma.

Methods: Fifty normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and 50 control patients ≥50y of age were recruited from the UCSF Department of Ophthalmology. Demographic data and glaucoma parameters were extracted from electronic medical records for both groups.

Microbiological alterations in the conjunctiva of hot tub-soaking ophthalmologists (MACHO): a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: To determine if there is a difference in the quantity of microbial flora of the conjunctiva in individuals practicing head submersion ("dunk") versus no head submersion ("no-dunk") during hot tub use.

Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy volunteers aged ≥ 18 years were recruited. Participants were randomized to head submersion versus no head submersion during a 15-minute hot tub soak.

Outcomes of the Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis as the Primary Penetrating Corneal Procedure.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of the Boston type I keratoprosthesis (KPro) as the primary penetrating corneal procedure.

Methods: In this retrospective review of all KPro procedures performed by 2 surgeons from May 1, 2004, to December 31, 2015, indications and outcomes were compared between KPros performed as the primary keratoplasty procedure (primary KPro) versus after failed keratoplasty (previous keratoplasty).

Results: A total of 262 KPros were implanted in 231 eyes, including 67 primary KPro procedures.

Risk Factors for Return to the Operating Room after Resident-Performed Cataract Surgery.

Objective: Investigate risk factors for unplanned return to the operating room after resident-performed cataract surgery.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Setting: Institutional.

Late-onset, snowstorm-like appearance of calcium deposits coating a poly(methyl methacrylate) posterior chamber intraocular lens.

Unlabelled: An 81-year-old man developed decreased vision associated with diffuse precipitates on his poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), on his corneal endothelium, and in his anterior chamber approximately 35 years after IOL implantation. Slitlamp evaluation showed diffuse white material on the surface of the IOL, white precipitates on the corneal endothelium, and visible debris in the anterior chamber. The patient had IOL exchange, and pathological analysis showed numerous calcium deposits within the Soemmerring ring that diffusely spread to the anterior surface of the PMMA IOL.

Low serum bicarbonate and kidney function decline: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background: Among populations with established chronic kidney disease (CKD), metabolic acidosis is associated with more rapid progression of kidney disease. The association of serum bicarbonate concentrations with early declines in kidney function is less clear.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Serum bicarbonate concentrations and kidney disease progression in community-living elders: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.

Background: In populations with prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD), lower serum bicarbonate levels are associated with more rapid CKD progression, but whether lower bicarbonate levels also are associated with risk of incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and CKD progression among community-living persons with predominantly preserved kidney function is unknown.

Study Design: Longitudinal observational cohort study.

Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) as risk markers for heart failure in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.

Background: Kidney damage and reduced kidney function are potent risk factors for heart failure, but existing studies are limited to assessing albuminuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We evaluated the associations of levels of urinary biomarkers of kidney tubular injury (interleukin 18 [IL-18] and kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]) with future risk of heart failure.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Responding to clinicians who fail to follow patient safety practices: perceptions of physicians, nurses, trainees, and patients.

Background: The field of patient safety grapples with the tension between a "no-blame" systems approach and the need to hold providers accountable for substandard performance. Attitudes of clinicians and patients regarding methods of promoting adherence to safety practices have not been described.

Methods: We surveyed attending and resident physicians in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Department of Medicine, nurses and inpatients at the UCSF Medical Center, and UCSF medical students regarding attitudes toward violations of 3 safety protocols: hand hygiene, fall risk assessment, and preoperative time-out.

Comparisons of creatinine and cystatin C for detection of kidney disease and prediction of all-cause mortality in HIV-infected women.

Background: Cystatin C could improve chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification in HIV-infected women relative to serum creatinine.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Methods: Cystatin C and creatinine were measured from specimens taken and stored during the 1999-2000 examination among 908 HIV-infected participants in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS).

Acute hepatitis C in an HIV-infected patient: a case report and review of literature.

With the decrease in transmission via transfusions and injection drug use, acute symptomatic hepatitis C is infrequently seen in developed countries. We report a case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adult who presented with abdominal pain. His alanine aminotransferase was greater than sixty times the upper limit of normal without any evidence on examination of fulminant hepatic failure.

Can healthcare go from good to great?

Healthcare's improvement efforts have focused on the point of care, targeting specific processes such as preventing central line infections, while paying relatively less attention to the larger issues of organizational structure and leadership. Interestingly, the business community has long recognized that poor management and structure can thwart improvement efforts. Perhaps the corporate world's best-known study of these issues is found in the book Good to Great, which identifies top-performing corporations, compares them to carefully selected organizations that failed to achieve similar levels of performance, and gleans lessons from these analyses.