Surgery and postoperative definitive radiotherapy for management of canine soft tissue sarcoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 272 dogs (2010-2020).

Objective: To report local progression and survival in dogs following surgery and postoperative definitive radiotherapy (dRT) for management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and to evaluate risk factors for local progression and survival.

Methods: Records were retrospectively reviewed at 9 referral hospitals for dogs managed with postoperative dRT between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2020, following surgery for STS. Data related to presentation, surgery, dRT, systemic therapy, and outcome were abstracted.

Using Full Dive Virtual Reality to Operationalize Warfighter Resilience: From Proof of Concept and Usability of Hardware and Software to Upcoming Integrated Psychological Skills Training.

Introduction: Modern warfare operations are volatile, highly complex environments, placing immense physiological, psychological, and cognitive demands on the warfighter. To maximize cognitive performance and warfighter resilience and readiness, training must address psychological stress to enhance performance. Resilience in the face of adversity is fundamentally rooted in an individual's psychophysiological stress response and optimized through decreased susceptibility to the negative impact of trauma exposure.

Association of mesenteric volvulus in police working dogs with and without a prior prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy.

Objective: To evaluate the association of mesenteric volvulus (MV) in New York Police Department police working dogs (PWDs) with and without a prior prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy (PLG).

Animals: 370 PWDs (82 with and 288 without PLG).

Methods: Medical records and surgery and radiology reports were reviewed from 2012 to 2022.

Homebrew Photolithography for the Rapid and Low-Cost, "Do It Yourself" Prototyping of Microfluidic Devices.

Photolithography is the foundational process at the root of micro-electromechanical (MEMS) and microfluidic systems manufacture. The process is descendant from the semiconductor industry, originating from printed circuit board and microprocessor fabrication, itself historically performed in a cleanroom environment utilizing expensive, specialist microfabrication equipment. Consequently, these conditions prove cost-prohibitive and pose a large barrier to entry.

Multipronged Approach to Profiling Metabolites in L. Dried Pulp Extracts Using Chromatography, NMR and Other Spectroscopy Methods.

Beetroot ( L.) is known for being a rich source of phytochemicals, minerals and vitamins. This study aims to show how the combination of extraction/chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR offers an efficient way to profile metabolites in the extracts of beetroot.

Identification and Optimization of RNA-Splicing Modulators as Huntingtin Protein-Lowering Agents for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin () gene. We report the design of a series of pre-mRNA splicing modulators that lower huntingtin (HTT) protein, including the toxic mutant huntingtin (mHTT), by promoting insertion of a pseudoexon containing a premature termination codon at the exon 49-50 junction. The resulting transcript undergoes nonsense-mediated decay, leading to a reduction of mRNA transcripts and protein levels.

What was old is new again: Phenotypic screening of a unique fungal library yields pyridoxatin, a promising lead against extensively resistant (AB5075).

Due to the emergence of resistance, the World Health Organization considers Gram-negative pathogen a top priority for therapeutic development. Using this priority pathogen and a phenotypic, agar plate-based assay, a unique library of extracts from 2,500 diverse fungi was screened for antimicrobial activity against a highly virulent, drug-resistant strain of (AB5075). The most potent hit from this screen was an extract from the fungus sp.

The Influence of Oligosaccharides when Measuring Lactose and Total Carbohydrates in Human Milk and Comparison of Methods.

Background: Understanding how human milk impacts growth requires valid analytical methods for quantifying the composition. Lactose, the most abundant constituent in human milk and a predominant source of energy, is often assessed using methods borrowed from the bovine dairy industry. However, the carbohydrate matrices of bovine and human milk are quite different, especially as they relate to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), each with a terminal lactose unit that may influence analytical methods.

Interaction Metabolomics to Discover Synergists in Natural Product Mixtures.

Mass spectrometry metabolomics has become increasingly popular as an integral aspect of studies to identify active compounds from natural product mixtures. Classical metabolomics data analysis approaches do not consider the possibility that interactions (such as synergy) could occur between mixture components. With this study, we developed "interaction metabolomics" to overcome this limitation.

Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by and Its Alkaloid Constituents.

Botanical natural products have been widely consumed for their purported usefulness against COVID-19. Here, six botanical species from multiple sources and 173 isolated natural product compounds were screened for blockade of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 infection in human 293T epithelial cells overexpressing ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 protease (293TAT). Antiviral activity was demonstrated by an extract from .

SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Targets Host Selenoproteins and Glutathione Biosynthesis for Knockdown via Proteolysis, Potentially Disrupting the Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Redox Cycles.

Associations between dietary selenium status and the clinical outcome of many viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, are well established. Multiple independent studies have documented a significant inverse correlation between selenium status and the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. At the molecular level, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to decrease the expression of certain selenoproteins, both in vitro and in COVID-19 patients.

How Low Can You Go? Selecting Intensity Thresholds for Untargeted Metabolomics Data Preprocessing.

Untargeted mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomics is an increasingly popular approach for characterizing complex mixtures. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of data preprocessing for determining the quality of metabolomics data analysis. The first step in data processing with untargeted metabolomics requires that signal thresholds be selected for which features (detected ions) are included in the dataset.

Metabolomics-Guided Comparison of Pollen and Microalgae-Based Artificial Diets in Honey Bees.

Managed honey bee colonies used for crop pollination are fed artificial diets to offset nutritional deficiencies related to land-use intensification and climate change. In this study, we formulated novel microalgae diets using and (spirulina) biomass and fed them to young adult honey bee workers. Diet-induced changes in bee metabolite profiles were studied relative to a natural pollen diet using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics.

Identification of a Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant Rho Kinase Inhibitor and its Activity in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease.

The Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of several conditions, including neurological diseases. In Huntington's disease (HD), ROCK is implicated in mutant huntingtin (HTT) aggregation and neurotoxicity, and members of the ROCK pathway are increased in HD mouse models and patients. To validate this mode of action as a potential treatment for HD, we sought a potent, selective, central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant ROCK inhibitor.

The Ubiquitous Human Skin Commensal Staphylococcus hominis Protects against Opportunistic Pathogens.

Staphylococcus hominis is frequently isolated from human skin, and we hypothesize that it may protect the cutaneous barrier from opportunistic pathogens. We determined that S. hominis makes six unique autoinducing peptide (AIP) signals that inhibit the major virulence factor accessory gene regulator () quorum sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus.

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Validation: Quantitative Analysis of Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids Reveals Chemotypes of Plants and Products.

Many consumers are turning to kratom () to self-manage pain and opioid addiction. In the United States, an array of capsules, powders, and loose-leaf kratom products are readily available. Additionally, several online sites supply live kratom plants.

More Than Just a Weed: An Exploration of the Antimicrobial Activity of Rumex crispus using a Multivariate Data Analysis Approach.

Plants have a long history of use for their medicinal properties. The complexity of botanical extracts presents unique challenges and necessitates the application of innovative approaches to correctly identify and quantify bioactive compounds. For this study, we used untargeted metabolomics to explore the antimicrobial activity of (yellow dock), a member of the Polygonaceae family used as an herbal remedy for bacterial infections.

Dithiolated peptides incorporating bis(tryptophan)s for cooperative mercury(II) binding.

The indole side chain of tryptophan is a versatile π-donor that can participate in various types of cation-π interactions. An understanding of how it may contribute as an auxiliary binding group in mercury(II) complexes can provide valuable insights toward the design of effective chelators for optimal mercury immobilization. In this study, we investigate how the incorporation of two tryptophan residues in model dicysteinyl peptides might participate in peptide-mercury(II) complex stabilization.

Can a Portable Balance System Predict Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women?

Purpose: Increased fall risk has been linked to age, being female, and age-related changes in the postural control system. The purpose of this study was to determine if a portable balance system could predict fall risk by determining the relationship among the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) scores, age, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) score, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score in community-dwelling older women. Insight into these relationships may facilitate early intervention and decrease fall risk in older women.

Outcome and postoperative complications in 73 dogs with thyroid carcinoma with gross vascular invasion managed with thyroidectomy.

Excellent outcomes have been reported following thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma in dogs, but outcomes for thyroid carcinomas with gross vascular invasion are poorly described. This study describes the clinical outcomes and complications in dogs with thyroid carcinomas with gross vascular invasion undergoing thyroidectomy. Medical records of dogs that underwent thyroidectomy between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2019 were reviewed at 10 hospitals.

Interlaboratory Comparison of Untargeted Mass Spectrometry Data Uncovers Underlying Causes for Variability.

Despite the value of mass spectrometry in modern natural products discovery workflows, it remains very difficult to compare data sets between laboratories. In this study we compared mass spectrometry data for the same sample set from two different laboratories (quadrupole time-of-flight and quadrupole-Orbitrap) and evaluated the similarity between these two data sets in terms of both mass spectrometry features and their ability to describe the chemical composition of the sample set. Somewhat surprisingly, the two data sets, collected with appropriate controls and replication, had very low feature overlap (25.

Bacterial efflux inhibitors are widely distributed in land plants.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Secondary metabolites play a critical role in plant defense against disease and are of great importance to ethnomedicine. Bacterial efflux pumps are active transport proteins that bacterial cells use to protect themselves against multiple toxic compounds, including many antimicrobials. Efflux pump inhibitors from plants can block these efflux pumps, increasing the potency of antimicrobial compounds.

Targeted and untargeted analysis of secondary metabolites to monitor growth and quorum sensing inhibition for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Drug resistant infections are an increasing problem world-wide, responsible for an estimated 700,000 annual mortalities. The use of antibiotics to treat such infections has resulted in the development of resistant bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). One potential alternative strategy for treating drug resistant bacterial infections is to inhibit the production of toxins, thereby making the bacteria less harmful to the host, a so called "anti-virulence" approach.

The Chemistry of Kratom []: Updated Characterization Data and Methods to Elucidate Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids.

Two separate commercial products of kratom [ (Korth.) Havil. Rubiaceae] were used to generate reference standards of its indole and oxindole alkaloids.