Optimal length and usefulness of temporal artery biopsies in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a 10-year retrospective review of medical records.

Background: In giant cell arteritis, temporal artery biopsies often show vasculitis with giant cell formation, but optimal biopsy length for diagnosis is debated. We reviewed temporal artery biopsies from a 10-year period in the province of Alberta, Canada, to identify an ideal biopsy length in the diagnostic process for giant cell arteritis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of patients who had undergone a temporal artery biopsy procedure in Alberta between Jan 1, 2008, and Jan 1, 2018, as reported in the Data Integration and Management Repository of Alberta Health Services.

Vagus nerve contributes to the development of steatohepatitis and obesity in phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase deficient mice.

Background & Aims: Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), a liver enriched enzyme, is responsible for approximately one third of hepatic phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. When fed a high-fat diet (HFD), Pemt(-/-) mice are protected from HF-induced obesity; however, they develop steatohepatitis. The vagus nerve relays signals between liver and brain that regulate peripheral adiposity and pancreas function.

Hepatic ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine predicts survival after partial hepatectomy in mice.

Unlabelled: A major predictor of failed liver resection and transplantation is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is linked to a wide spectrum of diseases including obesity and diabetes that are increasingly prevalent in Western populations. Thus, it is important to develop therapies aimed at improving posthepatectomy outcomes in patients with NAFLD, as well as to improve the evaluation of patients slated for hepatic surgery.

Phosphatidylcholine protects against steatosis in mice but not non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Several studies suggest that low levels of hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) is the key regulatory enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway for PC biosynthesis. Liver-specific elimination of CTα (LCTα(-/-)) in mice fed a chow diet decreases very-low-density lipoprotein secretion, reduces lipid efflux from liver, and causes mild steatosis.

Improved renal recovery with postresuscitation N-acetylcysteine treatment in asphyxiated newborn pigs.

Renal injury is one of the severe and common complications that occurs early in neonates with asphyxia, and reactive oxygen species have been implicated to play an important role on its pathogenesis. Improved renal recovery has been shown previously with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in various acute kidney injuries. Using a subacute swine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), we examined whether NAC can sustain its beneficial effect on renal recovery for 48 h.

The role of histopathology in diagnosing protracted diarrhea of infancy.

Protracted diarrhea is used to describe infants with loose and frequent stools of sufficient severity to require nutritional support, most commonly parenteral nutrition. Despite similar clinical presentations, the causes of protracted diarrhea in infants are varied and diverse in management and prognosis. The following cases represent the two more common causes of protracted diarrhea in young infants in the developed world - allergic and autoimmune enteropathy.