PACS-integrated machine learning breast density classifier: clinical validation.

Objective: To test the performance of a novel machine learning-based breast density tool. The tool utilizes a convolutional neural network to predict the BI-RADS based density assessment of a study. The clinical density assessments of 33,000 mammographic examinations (164,000 images) from one academic medical center (Site A) were used for training.

Clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in neuroradiology with development of a novel workflow-efficient picture archiving and communication system-based automated brain tumor segmentation and radiomic feature extraction.

Purpose: Personalized interpretation of medical images is critical for optimum patient care, but current tools available to physicians to perform quantitative analysis of patient's medical images in real time are significantly limited. In this work, we describe a novel platform within PACS for volumetric analysis of images and thus development of large expert annotated datasets in parallel with radiologist performing the reading that are critically needed for development of clinically meaningful AI algorithms. Specifically, we implemented a deep learning-based algorithm for automated brain tumor segmentation and radiomics extraction, and embedded it into PACS to accelerate a supervised, end-to- end workflow for image annotation and radiomic feature extraction.

Practical Guide to Natural Language Processing for Radiology.

Natural language processing (NLP) is the subset of artificial intelligence focused on the computer interpretation of human language. It is an invaluable tool in the analysis, aggregation, and simplification of free text. It has already demonstrated significant potential in the analysis of radiology reports.

Current state of radiology report release in electronic patient portals.

Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the current practice patterns of radiology report release into electronic patient portals.

Methods: A survey to assess details of radiology report release was distributed to members of The Association of Administrators in Academic Radiology across the United States. Numerical analysis was used to calculate the frequencies and percentages for the clinical site, frequency and pattern of patient portal use were calculated.

Impact of Radiologist-Driven Change-Order Requests on Outpatient CT and MRI Examinations.

Purpose: To assess impact of electronic medical record-embedded radiologist-driven change-order request on outpatient CT and MRI examinations.

Methods: Outpatient CT and MRI requests where an order change was requested by the protocoling radiologist in our tertiary care center, from April 11, 2017, to January 3, 2018, were analyzed. Percentage and categorization of requested order change, provider acceptance of requested change, patient and provider demographics, estimated radiation exposure reduction, and cost were analyzed.

Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab as first-line treatment in patients with newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma.

Unlabelled: Fludarabine-based regimens are highly effective as first-line therapy in patients with follicular lymphoma. Nevertheless, noticeable haematological toxicity has been reported using fludarabine-based regimens.

Aim: To analyse the combination of low-dose oral fludarabine and cyclophosphamide plus rituximab (FCR) as induction therapy, followed by rituximab as maintenance therapy.

Thoracic imaging in the ICU.

Imaging in the ICU plays a crucial role in patient care. The portable chest radiograph (CXR) is the most commonly requested radiographic examination, and, despite its limitations, it often reveals abnormalities that may not be detected clinically. Recent advances in CT technology have made it possible to obtain diagnostic-quality images even in the most dyspneic patient.

Pneumothorax in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: pathophysiology, detection, and treatment.

Pneumothorax is a frequent and potentially fatal complication of mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prompt recognition and treatment of pneumothoraces is necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality. The radiologic and clinical signs of pneumothoraces in ARDS patients may have unusual and subtle features.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions in a multicenter clinical trial: results from the radiologic diagnostic oncology group V.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographically (US) and stereotactically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions.

Materials And Methods: At 18 institutions, 442 women who underwent 22-25-gauge imaging-guided FNAB were enrolled. Definitive surgical, core-needle biopsy, and/or follow-up information was available for 423 (95.

Stereotactic core-needle breast biopsy: a multi-institutional prospective trial.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of stereotactic core-needle biopsy (CNB) of nonpalpable breast lesions within the context of clinically important parameters of anticipated tissue-sampling error and concordance with mammographic findings.

Materials And Methods: CNB was performed in 1,003 patients, with results validated at surgery or clinical and mammographic follow-up. Mammographic findings were scored according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System with a similar correlative scale for histopathologic samples obtained at either CNB or surgery.

Ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed with stereotactic core needle biopsy: can invasion be predicted?

Purpose: To determine whether mammographic or histologic features can be used to predict which cases diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) without invasion by means of stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) will have invasive disease at surgery.

Materials And Methods: From July 1992 to March 1999, DCIS without invasion was diagnosed by means of SCNB in 59 patients. Seventeen (29%) were found to have invasive disease after surgery.