Temporal trends in aerobic physical activity guideline adherence among nationally representative samples of U.S adults between 2011 and 2019: Cross-sectional findings from a sample of over 2 million adults.

Background: Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern associated with numerous adverse health outcomes and substantial economic costs. This study describes the prevalence, trends and correlates for adherence to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines among a large sample of U.S.

A low-calorie meal replacement improves body composition and metabolic parameters in shift workers with overweight and obesity: a randomized, controlled, parallel group trial.

Background: Shift work has been identified as a risk factor for several chronic health conditions including obesity. This study evaluated the impact of a low-calorie meal replacement (MR) as a dinner substitute on body composition and metabolic parameters in shift workers with overweight and obesity.

Methods: An 8-week parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted on overweight and obese shift workers in a large hospital.

Physical Activity and Self-Determination towards Exercise among Esports Athletes.

Background: Esports is competitive video gaming, performed within teams or individually, across multiple genres. Players are required to be sedentary for extended periods and require a high-level of cognitive skills for successful competitive performance. There are conflicting findings within the physical activity research in the esports industry.

Shift Work is Associated with an Elevated White Blood Cell Count: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly in reaction to infections and certain chronic diseases. Shift employment increases the risk for chronic low-grade inflammation and the progression of several chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the evidence from studies on total and differential WBC counts in shift employees.

Investigating the beliefs of Saudi females regarding physical activity: a qualitative exploration.

Purpose: Saudi women have been deprived of equal access to and opportunities for an active lifestyle due to sociocultural restrictions. Using the theory of planned behaviour, this elicitation study aimed to explore the salient beliefs of young Saudi women aged 18-35 regarding physical activity (PA).

Methods: A descriptive qualitative methodology was utilized using a semi-structured interview.

Assessment of dietary nitrate supplementation: prevalence of use, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs among active Australians.

Introduction: Use of nitrate as a dietary supplement has gained popularity among athletes and recreationally active individuals to enhance exercise performance. However, the prevalence and patterns of use, and knowledge of nitrate as a dietary supplement are unknown.

Methods: Individuals (≥16y) completed a 42-item online questionnaire to collect (i) sociodemographic information; (ii) participation in activity and sport; (iii) nitrate supplementation use and reasons; (iv) attitudes and beliefs regarding information sources and the safety of nitrate as a dietary supplement; and (v) knowledge of dietary nitrate supplements.

Scale-up of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) men's health behaviour change program: a protocol for a randomised controlled hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.

Introduction: Improving physical activity (PA) and healthy eating is critical for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Behaviour change programmes delivered in sporting clubs can engage men in health behaviour change, but are rarely sustained or scaled-up post trial. Following the success of pilot studies of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) programme, a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial protocol was developed.

A qualitative exploration of the experiences of shift workers participated in a low-calorie meal replacement dietary intervention.

Objectives: Shift work is associated with various health challenges, including obesity and metabolic disturbances. To address these concerns, a randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a low-calorie meal replacement (MR) dietary intervention for dinner among shift workers with obesity. This study focuses on the qualitative aspects of this intervention, aiming to explore the experiences and perceptions of shift workers who participated in the trial.

The effect of shift work on different hematological parameters among healthcare workers.

Shift workers frequently experience alterations in their circadian rhythms, which are correlated with variations in hematological parameters. Changes in blood cells may be related to an individual's health status. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the relationship between shift work and changes in blood cells among a group of healthcare workers in Sri Lanka.

Meal replacement as a weight loss strategy for night shift workers with obesity: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Shift work is considered a risk factor for a number of chronic health conditions including obesity. Weight reduction in obese patients lowers the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, certain cancers, and mortality. Achieving a negative energy balance by providing low-calorie meal replacements is widely used for weight management.

Nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in the global food supply.

Inorganic nitrate provided by either nitrate salts or food supplements may improve cardiometabolic health. However, current methods to assess dietary nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamine consumption are inadequate. The purpose of this study was to develop a reference database to estimate the levels of nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in the global food supply.

Evidence that heat acclimation training may alter sleep and incidental activity.

This randomized cross-over study tested the hypothesis that heat acclimation training would detrimentally affect sleep variables and alter incidental physical activity compared to a thermoneutral training control condition. Eight recreationally trained males (V̇O 49±4.9 mLkgmin) completed two separate interventions separated by at least 31 days: 5 consecutive day training blocks of moderate-intensity cycling (60 min·day at 50% peak power output) in a hot (34.

The Effect of Shiftwork on Body Composition: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study Among Health Care Workers.

Objective: This study compared the body composition parameters between shiftworkers and nonshiftworkers in a hospital setting in Sri Lanka.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among a sample of 78 health care workers, recruited by a stratified random sampling technique. Subjects underwent anthropometric and bioimpedentiometric analysis for body composition parameters.

Shift work and the risk for metabolic syndrome among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) due to several biological and environmental changes. The MetS refers to the clustering of several known cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on the association between shift work and the risk of MetS in employees of the health sector.

Estimating nitrate intake in the Australian diet: Design and validation of a food frequency questionnaire.

Background: Dietary nitrates may play a role in mediating several key physiological processes impacting health and/or exercise performance. However, current methods for assessing dietary nitrate (NO ) consumption are inadequate. The present study aimed to examine the dietary nitrate intake in a sample of 50 healthy adults, as well as test the validity of a purposefully developed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).

Shiftwork and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Among Health Care Workers: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: This study evaluated the association between shiftwork and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among a group of health care workers in Sri Lanka.

Methods: This study was in comparative cross-sectional design with 78 shiftworkers and nonshiftworkers 18 years and older. Data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measures, and blood tests.

Australian bus drivers' modifiable and contextual risk factors for chronic disease: A workplace study.

Introduction: Little is known about workplace health promotion for bus drivers. Bus drivers are at-risk of chronic disease because they are exposed to the risk factor combination of poor nutrition, low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary time and are often overweight or obese. The purpose of this paper is to situate the quantitative baseline data collected from bus drivers within qualitative findings about the socio-cultural context of the workplace.

Shift work and body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: There has been a dramatic increase in the practice of shift work throughout the world. It is known to associate with several adverse health outcomes including increased adiposity. The present study aims to systematically evaluate the literature to find the associations between exposure to shift work and body composition.

Evolving the validity of a mental toughness measure: Refined versions of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48.

The Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48 (MTQ48) is a 48-item self-report instrument to measure one's level of mental toughness. Despite its wide popularity in psychological studies, the questionnaire has been criticized due to its factorial validity. The present study aimed to re-assess the factorial validity of the instrument and propose alternative models to provide researchers with theoretically and practically useful instruments to measure mental toughness.

Machine Learning Models for Classifying Physical Activity in Free-Living Preschool Children.

Machine learning (ML) activity classification models trained on laboratory-based activity trials exhibit low accuracy under free-living conditions. Training new models on free-living accelerometer data, reducing the number of prediction windows comprised of multiple activity types by using shorter windows, including temporal features such as standard deviation in lag and lead windows, and using multiple sensors may improve the classification accuracy under free-living conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Random Forest (RF) activity classification models for preschool-aged children trained on free-living accelerometer data.

Laboratory-based and free-living algorithms for energy expenditure estimation in preschool children: A free-living evaluation.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of LAB EE prediction models in preschool children completing a free-living active play session. Performance was benchmarked against EE prediction models trained on free living (FL) data.

Methods: 25 children (mean age = 4.

Effectiveness of Tailored Dietary Counseling in Treating Malnourished Outpatients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common and associated with poor prognosis. Nutrition interventions are necessary, but there is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of tailored nutrition advice.

Objective: This study investigated whether tailored nutrition counseling could improve dietary intake, nutritional status, functional outcomes, and health-related quality of life (QoL) of malnourished outpatients with COPD.

Controversies in the Science of Sedentary Behaviour and Health: Insights, Perspectives and Future directions from the 2018 Queensland Sedentary Behaviour Think Tank.

The development in research concerning sedentary behaviour has been rapid over the past two decades. This has led to the development of evidence and views that have become more advanced, diverse and, possibly, contentious. These include the effects of standing, the breaking up of prolonged sitting and the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the association between sedentary behaviour and health outcomes.

Free-living Evaluation of Laboratory-based Activity Classifiers in Preschoolers.

Unlabelled: Machine learning classification models for accelerometer data are potentially more accurate methods to measure physical activity in young children than traditional cut point methods. However, existing algorithms have been trained on laboratory-based activity trials, and their performance has not been investigated under free-living conditions.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of laboratory-trained hip and wrist random forest and support vector machine classifiers for the automatic recognition of five activity classes: sedentary (SED), light-intensity activities and games (LIGHT_AG), walking (WALK), running (RUN), and moderate to vigorous activities and games (MV_AG) in preschool-age children under free-living conditions.

Muscle Strengthening, Aerobic Exercise, and Obesity: A Pooled Analysis of 1.7 Million US Adults.

Objective: Both aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening exercise are recommended for obesity prevention. However, at the population level, the independent and/or combined associations of these physical activity modalities with obesity are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening exercise with obesity among a representative sample of adults.