Examining the role of attention focus walking training on conscious motor processing during rehabilitation by older adults at risk of falling: A randomized controlled trial.

This study examined the impact of walking training with different attention focus instructions on real-time conscious motor processing and fall-related rehabilitation outcomes in older adults at risk of falling. A total of 102 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 75.2 years, SD = 6.

The use of mindfulness-based interventions in stroke rehabilitation: A scoping review.

Purpose/objective: There is emerging evidence for the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to improve health outcomes in the context of stroke rehabilitation. This scoping review identified recently available evidence and possible research gaps regarding how MBIs affect psychological and physical rehabilitation outcomes in individuals poststroke.

Research Method/design: Electronic searches were performed using the four major databases, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.

Attentional Focus Strategies to Improve Motor Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

Previous literature shows the beneficial effects of an external focus of attention on various sports skills in young adults. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of external and internal focus of attention on motor performance in healthy older adults. The literature search was conducted in five electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science).

Effects of Single-Task, Dual-Task and Analogy Training during Gait Rehabilitation of Older Adults at Risk of Falling: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

It has been suggested that implicit motor learning via dual-task or analogy training during gait rehabilitation may yield better outcomes in older adults by reducing the propensity for the conscious processing of movements (movement-specific reinvestment). The current study investigated the immediate effects of single-task, dual-task, and analogy training on reinvestment propensity and fall-related rehabilitation outcomes among older adults at risk of falling. Seventy-one older adults were randomly allocated to the single-task (ST), dual-task (DT), or analogy (AG) training conditions and received 12 training sessions.

Visual-related training to improve balance and walking ability in older adults: A systematic review.

Evidence has emerged about the use of visual-related training as an intervention to improve mobility that could implicate fall prevention in the older population. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether visual-related interventions are effective in improving balance and walking ability in healthy older adults. An electronic database search was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus.

Does an Externally Focused Dual-task Mitigate Real-time Conscious Postural Control in Older Adults?

Objectives: This study first examined whether real-time conscious postural control (reinvestment) and postural sway increase with different postural difficulties on a compliant surface among older adults. The second objective was to investigate the effect of an externally focused dual-task on real-time reinvestment and postural sway under a relatively challenging standing position.

Method: Thirty-two community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 72.

Do attentional focus instructions affect real-time reinvestment during level-ground walking in older adults?

This study represents the first attempt in exploring whether attentional focus instructions could affect real-time reinvestment (conscious movement processing) in older adults during level-ground walking. Forty-five community-dwelling older adults were instructed to walk at a self-selected pace along a 6-m level-ground walkway under three randomized attentional focus conditions (i.e.

Conscious Control of Gait Increases with Task Difficulty and Can Be Mitigated by External Focus Instruction.

We aimed to address whether increased task difficulty is sufficient to induce heightened conscious control and influence gait performance in older adults through the manipulations of either task difficulty or attentional focus. Fifty older adults, split into high- (HR) and low-reinvestor (LR) groups, performed a walking task on a 7.4 m straight walkway in two conditions: firm level-ground surface (GW) and foam surface (FW).

Real-time conscious postural control is not affected when balancing on compliant surface by young adults.

Previous research has illustrated that real-time conscious postural control (i.e., reinvestment - shifting from movement automaticity to a more consciously controlled and monitoring of movement) increased with standing task difficulties among healthy older adults.

Strategies for Teachers to Promote Physical Activity in Early Childhood Education Settings-A Scoping Review.

Recent evidence has emphasized the importance of the early childhood years for developing lifelong physical activity patterns. As such, evidence-informed programs that create opportunities for young children to engage in physical activity are needed and education settings present an important context. This review aimed to identify strategies that are implemented by teachers to promote physical activity in early childhood education and care settings.

The role of reinvestment in conservative gait in older adults.

Previous research suggests that reinvestment (i.e. conscious control of movements) is associated with inefficient information processing and compromised movement strategies in older adults during walking.

The role of attentional focus on walking efficiency among older fallers and non-fallers.

Background: This study evaluated the effect of attentional focus instructions on movement efficiency during a level-ground walking task in older adults with and without a history of falls.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-four community-dwelling older adults were categorised into older fallers (OF) (n = 37) and older non-fallers (ONF) (n = 97). Each participant was instructed to walk at a self-selected pace along a 6 m walkway under three attentional focus conditions (i.

Revisiting the Relationship Between Internal Focus and Balance Control in Young and Older Adults.

Research highlights the detrimental effect that directing too much conscious attention toward movement can have on postural control. While this concept has received support from many studies, recent evidence demonstrates that this principle does not always translate to aging clinical populations. Given the increasing clinical interest in this topic, the current study evaluated if the original notion (that an internal focus results in compromised balance performance) is upheld in young and older adults during a challenging balance task where we are able to objectively corroborate changes in attentional focus; using an electroencephalography (EEG) method previously identified as an objective indicator of conscious movement control.

Gait Stability in Older Adults During Level-Ground Walking: The Attentional Focus Approach.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of attentional focus instructions on gait stability during level-ground walking among older adults.

Methods: We recruited 140 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 70.3 years, SD = 4.