Ponseti Idiopathic and Nonidiopathic Clubfoot Correction With Secondary Surgeries.

The Ponseti method has revolutionized clubfoot treatment for not only idiopathic clubfoot but also non-idiopathic clubfoot. This study aimed to validate the existing literature with respect to the Ponseti method serving as first line treatment for clubfoot. The purpose of this study was to compare clubfoot type and recurrence with secondary surgical procedures following Ponseti method.

Lack of Host Specialization on Winter Annual Grasses in the Fungal Seed Bank Pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda.

Generalist plant pathogens may have wide host ranges, but many exhibit varying degrees of host specialization, with multiple pathogen races that have narrower host ranges. These races are often genetically distinct, with each race causing highest disease incidence on its host of origin. We examined host specialization in the seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda by reciprocally inoculating pathogen strains from Bromus tectorum and from four other winter annual grass weeds (Bromus diandrus, Bromus rubens, Bromus arvensis and Taeniatherum caput-medusae) onto dormant seeds of B.