Publications by authors named "Toby B Lanser"
Article Synopsis
- The study looked at how concussions in mice might lead to anxiety and other health problems, especially when they ate a high-salt diet.
- Mice that had concussions and then ate a high-salt diet showed increased anxiety compared to those who ate a normal diet.
- The research also found that the gut bacteria in these mice changed more with the high-salt diet than the brain injury itself, and some bacteria were linked to higher anxiety levels.
Dietary proteins are taken up by intestinal dendritic cells (DCs), cleaved into peptides, loaded to major histocompatibility complexes, and presented to T cells to generate an immune response. Amino acid (AA)-diets do not have the same effects because AAs cannot bind to major histocompatibility complex to activate T cells. Here, we show that impairment in regulatory T cell generation and loss of tolerance in mice fed a diet lacking whole protein is associated with major transcriptional changes in intestinal DCs including downregulation of genes related to DC maturation, activation and decreased gene expression of immune checkpoint molecules.
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- Complement proteins play a key role in eliminating synapses during brain development, but the regulation of these proteins is not well understood, particularly with regard to the protein CSMD1.
- This study used various techniques to explore the presence and function of CSMD1 in the brain, including its interaction with complement proteins and its impact on synapse elimination in models like Csmd1-knockout mice and human-derived neurons.
- The findings indicate that CSMD1 is crucial for regulating complement-mediated synapse elimination: its absence leads to increased complement levels, fewer synapses, and heightened microglial activity, suggesting it plays a significant role in neurodevelopmental processes such as visual circuit refinement.
Article Synopsis
- Intestinal γδ T cells help keep the gut healthy and affect how the brain works and our behavior.
- Mice without these cells showed strange, repetitive behaviors that depended on the bacteria in their guts.
- By changing the bacteria in the mice, scientists discovered how these T cells connect gut health to brain behavior, showing the importance of gut bacteria and their chemicals.
Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neuroinflammation, particularly that orchestrated by microglia, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Danger signals including dead neurons, dystrophic axons, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid plaques alter the functional phenotype of microglia from a homeostatic (M0) to a neurodegenerative or disease-associated phenotype, which in turn drives neuroinflammation and promotes disease. Thus, therapies that target microglia activation constitute a unique approach for treating AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEosinophils (Eos) reside in multiple organs during homeostasis and respond rapidly to an inflammatory challenge. Although Eos share chemical staining properties, they also demonstrate phenotypic and functional plasticity that is not fully understood. Here, we used a murine model of allergic lung inflammation to characterize Eos subsets and determine their spatiotemporal and functional regulation during inflammation and its resolution in response to resolvin D2 (RvD2), a potent specialized proresolving mediator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT cells are present in early stages of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and play a major role in disease outcome and long-lasting immunity. Nasal administration of a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (Foralumab) reduced lung inflammation as well as serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein in moderate cases of COVID-19. Using serum proteomics and RNA-sequencing, we investigated the immune changes in patients treated with nasal Foralumab.
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