Preprocessing in digital lensless holographic microscopy for intensity reconstructions with enhanced contrast.

In this work, a numerical method to enhance the contrast of intensity hologram reconstructions of digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM) is presented. The method manipulates the in-line hologram and reference images through mathematical operations between them; additionally, a sharpening operation, functionalized in terms of the parameters of the recording setup, is applied to the said images. The preprocessing of the recorded images produces a modified in-line hologram and a reference wave image from which an intensity reconstruction with a 25% improvement of its contrast, with respect to the conventional reconstruction procedure, is achieved.

Breast cancer measurements with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and mammography.

Background: Accurate measurement of the size of breast cancers becomes more important as breast cancer therapy advances. This study reports the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography and mammography for measuring the largest breast cancer diameter in comparison to the pathology measurement.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen breast cancers were examined in 13 women with MRI, ultrasonography and mammography.

Automated large-core needle biopsy of surgically removed breast lesions: comparison of samples obtained with 14-, 16-, and 18-gauge needles.

Purpose: To determine the needle size that would consistently enable the pathologist to correctly diagnose tissue core biopsy specimens.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-seven surgically removed mass lesions of the breast were sampled with a short-throw automated biopsy gun and an 18-gauge needle first, followed by a 16- and a 14-gauge needle. Samples were evaluated independently by three pathologists, and findings were compared with the final diagnosis made at surgical excision biopsy.

Silicone implant rupture: detection with US.

The authors evaluated the ability of ultrasound (US) in detection of silicone implant ruptures and compared US detection with that of mammography and physical examination in 22 women with 29 sites of implant leakage. On sonograms, leaks were evident from a highly echogenic pattern of scattered and reverberating echoes with loss of detail posterior to the echogenic area. The area appears as a "snowstorm" and has a well-defined anterior margin but a poorly defined posterior margin.

Cytogenetic analysis of a uterine lipoleiomyoma.

We cytogenetically analyzed a uterine lipoleiomyoma. A primary chromosomal abnormality, t(12;14), was found in all 62 cells studied. A secondary change involving chromosomes 1 and 5 was detected in 15 of 62 cells.

Oncogene amplification in breast cancer.

To refine the analysis of gene amplification in breast cancer, the authors have developed sensitive methods that can be used to screen nucleic acid prepared from a variety of sources. In their analysis, Southern hybridization and DNA dot-blot analysis were used to screen 49 breast cancer DNAs for Myc, Neu, and Int-2 gene amplification. The analysis detected minimal one extra gene copy) as well as expanded (two or more extra gene copies) gene amplifications, and in addition, distinguished between gene amplification and aneuploidy as the cause of extra gene copies.

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. Report of one case with histopathologic, cytogenetic, and flow cytometric DNA content analysis.

A squamous cell carcinoma in situ arose in an ovarian mature teratoma (ie, dermoid cyst) in a 62-year-old woman. Flow cytometric DNA content analysis of paraffin-embedded in situ carcinoma showed a normal DNA content with moderate to high proliferative activity (S-phase fraction estimate, 16% to 18%). Cytogenetic analysis of the in situ cancer and the benign cystic portion of the tumor revealed a 46,XX karyotype.

Primary clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases.

Primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (CCE) is a rare, aggressive tumor, representing 1-5.5% of all primary endometrial cancers. Twenty cases of CCE were studied, covering the period 1973-1987.

'Polyposis vaginalis' of pregnancy.

Clinical and pathologic findings in a pregnant 15-year-old with vaginal polyposis disclosed numerous polyps throughout the vagina and portio of the cervix that disappeared spontaneously 6 weeks post partum. These polyps can be confused microscopically with sarcoma botryoides, although they are benign and may regress completely.

Infiltrating lobular carcinoma: mammographic patterns with pathologic correlation.

Of the five identified radiographic patterns of ILC, the most common was a poorly defined asymmetric density with architectural distortion. Areas of ILC frequently are of low density, not much greater than that of the surrounding parenchyma. The mammographic appearance may reflect the behavior of ILC tumor cells, which travel in linear array ("single file") along and around the arborizing ducts that serve as scaffolding for these small, malignant cells that permeate the parenchyma without a central nidus.

Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix. Clinicopathologic observations of 11 cases.

Adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS) of the cervix represent less than 1% of all primary adenocarcinomas of the cervix; 11 cases from the Magee-Women's Hospital (1969-1984) are described. The patients' ages ranged from 25 to 81 years (average 48.5 years).

Vaginitis emphysematosa.

Vaginitis emphysematosa is rare, as only 173 cases, to our knowledge, have been reported in the English literature, the last in 1967. We report three new cases and bring the subject up to date. The ages of our patients ranged from 42 to 65 years; one patient complained of vaginal discharge, and the other two cases were found on routine examination, one at autopsy for breast carcinomatosis.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: a clinico-pathological review of 18 cases.

We reviewed 18 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium seen at this hospital during 1969-1985. Tumor histology was studied in curettage and hysterectomy material; the Hospital Tumor Registry provided follow-up data. All women were postmenopausal, 47-89 years of age, and presented with vaginal bleeding; few had abdominal pain; four of the 18 were nulliparous.

Vaginal cysts: a clinicopathological study of 41 cases.

The clinicopathological features of 43 vaginal cysts in 41 patients treated at Magee-Womens Hospital between 1972 and 1982 were evaluated. Thirty-five of the patients were white and six black; their ages ranged from 19 to 68 years with an average of 37.6 years.

Secretory adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.

Secretory adenocarcinomas of the endometrium are uncommon tumors distinct from clear cell carcinomas. We reviewed nine cases that included the original endometrial curettings and the specimens of uteri with both adnexa [total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)]. The patients' ages ranged from 36 to 79 years (with an average of 55 years).

Polyps of the vagina: a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases.

Polyps of the vagina are benign, soft tissue tumors composed of loose connective tissue with myxoid changes and containing atypical, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic cells. Because of this bizarre microscopic configuration, they have been confused with sarcoma botryoides. Eighteen cases of polyps of the vagina included in the pathology files of Magee-Womens Hospital from 1972-1979 were compiled.

Massive ovarian edema: a nonneoplastic pelvic mass of young women.

Two cases of massive ovarian edema are reported in addition to the eight previous cases published in the English literature. The predominance of the right-sided involvement and the histopathological characteristics of this lesion support the hypothesis that the basic pathogenetic mechanism is an impairment of the venous and lymphatic drainage of the ovary, triggered by recurrent partial torsion of the mesovarium. This nonneoplastic lesion should be recognized as a distinct entity in ovarian disease and treated conservatively.

Benign blue nevus of the vagina.

Pigmented lesions of the vagina are very rare. A benign blue nevus of the vagina in a 73-year-old woman, diagnosed clinically as malignant melanoma, is presented. Although 15 cases of blue nevi of the uterine cervix have been reported, this is the first case of blue nevus located exclusively in the vagina.

Lymphangiectasia of the uterus.

A 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, who presented with a 5-year history of dysfunctional uterine bleeding following a terminated pregnancy is described. Hysterosalpingography suggested a loss of muscle tone and a mass. Pathologic examination revealed a prominent vascular system consistent with diffuse lymphangiectasia.

Primary clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. An analysis of 15 cases with review of the literature.

The clinical and pathological findings in 15 primary "pure" clear cell carcinoma of the ovary included in the Magee-Womens Hospital Tumor Registry from 1947 through 1974 are discussed. The ages of the patients ranged from 35 to 75 years (mean 53). The most common clinical finding was an abdominal mass in 14 cases.

Tubular carcinoma of the breast. Clinical, histological, and ultrastructural observations.

Tubular carcinoma is a neoplasm with good prognosis of features that warrant its differentiation from other mammary carcinomas and from sclerosing adenosis. Cases of nine primary unilateral neoplasms are presented and ultrastructural observations in three discussed. The mean diameter was 1.