Fasting is required for many of the benefits of calorie restriction in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Caloric restriction (CR) is a widely recognized geroprotective intervention that slows or prevents Alzheimer's disease (AD) in animal models. CR is typically implemented via feeding mice a single meal per day; as CR mice rapidly consume their food, they are subject to a prolonged fast between meals. While CR has been shown to improve metabolic and cognitive functions and suppress pathological markers in AD mouse models, the specific contributions of fasting versus calorie reduction remains unclear.

Protein restriction slows the development and progression of pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Dietary protein is a critical regulator of metabolic health and aging. Low protein diets are associated with healthy aging in humans, and dietary protein restriction extends the lifespan and healthspan of mice. In this study, we examined the effect of protein restriction (PR) on metabolic health and the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the 3xTg mouse model of AD.

Racial Implicit Associations in Child Psychiatry.

Objective: Racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment are prevalent in child psychiatry, including disparate diagnosis rates of internalizing and externalizing disorders in Black and White children. However, limited research has investigated mechanisms that contribute to these disparities. This study examined child racial implicit associations in psychiatric clinicians and medical students to address this gap.

Proceedings of the second international meeting on endemic mycoses of the Americas (IMEMA) and first international symposium on implantation mycoses (ISIM).

The second international meeting on endemic mycoses of the Americas (IMEMA) and the first international symposium on implantation mycoses (ISIM) took place in Santiago del Estero, Argentina, on September 25-27, 2023. The conference provided a platform for researchers, clinicians, and experts to discuss the latest developments in the field of endemic and implantation mycoses. Topics included epidemiology, diagnostic advances, treatment strategies, and the impact of environmental factors on the spread of these fungal diseases.

Clinical outcomes and manometry results of peroral endoscopic myotomy in patients with achalasia: experience in a Latin American referral centre.

Introduction: Currently there is little information in Latin America on the clinical outcome and manometric evolution of patients with Achalasia undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).

Primary Outcome: Evaluate the manometric and clinical changes in adult patients with achalasia after peroral endoscopic myotomy at a referral center in Bogotá, Colombia.

Methods: Observational, analytical, longitudinal study.

Are the Chicago 3.0 manometric diagnostics consistent with Chicago 4.0?

There is little information on the degree of concordance between the results obtained using the Chicago 3.0 (CCv3.0) and Chicago 4.

Protein restriction slows the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease in mice.

Dietary protein is a critical regulator of metabolic health and aging. Low protein diets are associated with healthy aging in humans, and many independent groups of researchers have shown that dietary protein restriction (PR) extends the lifespan and healthspan of mice. Here, we examined the effect of PR on metabolic health and the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the 3xTg mouse model of AD.

Application of Real-Time PCR Assays for the Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis in Human FFPE Tissues Using Three Molecular Targets.

Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus This infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS, especially in countries with limited resources. Currently used diagnostic tests rely on culture and serology but with some limitations. No molecular assays are commercially available and the results from different reports have been variable.

Tackling Histoplasmosis Infection in People Living with HIV from Latin America: From Diagnostic Strategy to Public Health Solutions.

Histoplasmosis, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus spp., is a disease with a broad clinical spectrum, presenting from asymptomatic/flu-like symptoms to progressive disseminated disease in people with immunosuppression. In recent years, the concept of histoplasmosis as a disease restricted to the American continent has changed, as now histoplasmosis is reported in many regions around the world.

Beyond Children's Mental Health: Cultural Considerations to Foster Latino Child and Family Mental Health.

Clinicians trained to assess and treat child psychopathology are facing an increasing need to expand their clinical expertise outside of traditional frameworks, which have historically focused largely on the child or the child-mother dyad. Clinicians treating children also need to be prepared to assess and address the systems of care that affect a child's mental health, starting with their family. There is a scarcity of Latino mental health providers and limited clinical opportunities or settings that serve this population by incorporating a developmental, cultural, and sociopolitical framework into high quality care of the whole family.

Focusing on Racial, Historical and Intergenerational Trauma, and Resilience: A Paradigm to Better Serving Children and Families.

Research across populations demonstrates that intergenerational trauma can have lasting biological, psychological, and social consequences and affects groups of individuals in different ways. An appreciation of intergenerational trauma as experienced in diverse populations is important not only for understanding vulnerabilities and risk but also for cultivating opportunities for posttraumatic growth and healing. Understanding the contexts of trauma for children and families and the unveiling of structural inequities, both past and present, offers the opportunity to address these in using clinical and systems of care approaches in the public health spheres.

Gut- and oral-dysbiosis differentially impact spinal- and bulbar-onset ALS, predicting ALS severity and potentially determining the location of disease onset.

Background: Prior studies on the role of gut-microbiome in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis have yielded conflicting results. We hypothesized that gut- and oral-microbiome may differentially impact two clinically-distinct ALS subtypes (spinal-onset ALS (sALS) vs. bulbar-onset ALS (bALS), driving disagreement in the field.

From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures.

Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence.

Evaluation of OIDx Histoplasma Urinary Antigen EIA.

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of Histoplasma antigens (Ag) in urine, developed by Optimum Imaging Diagnostics (OIDx) was evaluated. A verification using a standardized reference panel of urine samples found sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 32% and accuracy of 51%. In this study, the OIDx Histoplasma urinary Ag EIA displayed high sensitivity, however, in non-histoplasmosis cases this EIA displayed false-positive results in 68% of specimens tested.

Validation and Concordance Analysis of a New Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Antigen in Urine.

Histoplasmosis is a major cause of mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Rapid methods to diagnose disease could dramatically decrease the time to initiate treatment, resulting in reduced mortality. The aim of this study was to validate a MiraVista Diagnostics (MVD) urine antigen lateral flow assay (MVD LFA) for the detection of antigen (Ag) in urine and compare this LFA against the MVista  Ag quantitative enzyme immunoassays (MVD EIA).

Pulmonary Histoplasmosis.

Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent causes of fungal respiratory infection in endemic regions, has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and can present in several forms. The extent of disease is determined by the number of conidia inhaled, the immune response of the host and the integrity of the respiratory tract. From an initial and most benign form, acute pulmonary histoplasmosis (an influenza-like illness that is typically asymptomatic or mild in persons without prior immune compromise), histoplasmosis can become a lifethreatening progressive disseminated infection (PDH) that affects mainly immunocompromised patients, with high morbidity and mortality.

Improving Fibrin Hydrogels' Mechanical Properties, through Addition of Silica or Chitosan-Silica Materials, for Potential Application as Wound Dressings.

Fibrin is a protein-based hydrogel formed during blood coagulation. It can also be produced from human blood plasma, and it is capable of resisting high deformations. However, after each deformation process, it loses high amounts of water, which subsequently makes it mechanically unstable and, finally, difficult to manipulate.

Elevated dietary ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce reversible peripheral nerve dysfunction that exacerbates comorbid pain conditions.

Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is commonly associated with comorbid disorders. However, the role of diet in chronic pain is poorly understood. Of particular interest is the Western-style diet, enriched with ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that accumulate in membrane phospholipids and oxidise into pronociceptive oxylipins.

Examining Mothers' Childhood Maltreatment History, Parental Reflective Functioning, and the Long-Term Effects of the Minding the Baby® Home Visiting Intervention.

Research is needed to better understand how childhood maltreatment history affects parental reflective capacities, and whether early childhood interventions help mitigate these effects. We examined associations between childhood maltreatment and current parenting (parental reflective functioning, parenting behaviors) among mothers who participated in a follow-up study ( = 97) of the ® (MTB) randomized control trial. MTB is a home visiting program that aims to help mothers understand their child's mental states (feelings, intentions, needs) by promoting parental reflective functioning.

Structural Inequities and the Impact of COVID-19 on Latinx Children: Implications for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Practice.

In the United States, the Latinx community (Latinx is a gender-neutral term to describe any person of Latin American descent or heritage) is a heterogeneous population with diverse cultural origins, different migratory experiences, and different socioeconomic and educational realities. The disruptions to daily life and the associated stresses of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have been perhaps most acutely felt by Black and Latinx children from low-income families, including first-generation and undocumented immigrants. Structural inequities, such as the lack of employer-sponsored insurance in the service and retail industries; barriers to applying for public benefits, even for those who qualify; chronic poverty; and the lack of linguistically and culturally effective services have contributed to the disproportionate impact.

Imatinib: a new chemopreventive option in adenomatous polyposis?

Patients with adenomatous polyposis, usually defined as patients with >10 adenomatous polyps in the colorectum, are at increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Since surgical and endoscopic treatment do not completely eliminate the potential for future polyps or extraintestinal neoplasms, there is an unmet medical need to identify pharmacological agents to delay major surgical interventions. We present two cases of patients with adenomatous polyposis who developed chronic myelogenous leukaemia and were treated with imatinib as part of their chemotherapy.

Adverse treatment outcomes in multidrug resistant tuberculosis go beyond the microbe-drug interaction: Results of a multiple correspondence analysis.

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment is effective in 50% of patients due to several factors including antibiotic susceptibility of the microorganism, adverse treatment reactions, social factors, and associated comorbidities.

Objectives: In this study, we describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Medellín, Colombia.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from patients diagnosed with MDR-TB attending Hospital La María in Medellín, Colombia, for treatment between 2010 and 2015.